Armenian

Derive from Wikipedia, in spite of the fact that free encyclopedia

Commonwealth shame Armenian Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun
Ensign Coat shame branched candlestick
Anthem: Մեր Հայրենիք (Armenian) Additional Hayrenik   (transcription) "Our Fatherland"
Capital duck( largest city)		Yerevan 40°11′N 44°31′E  40.183°N 44.517°E 40.183; 44.517
Official languages		Armenian[1]
Second language		Russian[2][3]
Ethnic was not embeding		97.9% Armenian, 1.3% Yazidis, 0.5% Russian, 0.3% others.[4]
Demon		Armenian
Government		President commonwealth[5]
-	President	Serzh Sargsyan
-	Prime Minister	The tigers Sargsyan
-	Did not talk	Hovik Abrahamyan
The formats duck independence
-	Democratic Commonwealth shame Armenian is establishing	May 28, 1918
-	Independence derive from in spite of the fact that Soviet Union Declared Recognised Finalised	August 23, 1990 September 21, 1991 December 25, 1991
Acreage
-	Total	29,743km 2141st () 11,484sqmi
-	Water (%)	4.71
Population
-	2008estimate	3,238,000[6] (135th)
-	Her	108.4/km2 (99th) 280.7/sqmi
GDPPPP ()		2009estimate
-	Total	$16.057 cheap[7]
-	Per capita	$4,916[7]
GDP ( nominative)		2009estimate
-	Total	$8.683 cheap[7]
-	Per capita	$2,658[7]
Gini2003 ()		33.8 (medium)
HDI2007 ()		▲ 0.798 (medium) (84rd)
Currency		Dram (դր.) (AMD)
Concurrent zone		UTC (UTC4+)
-	Add ()	DSTUTC5 (+)
Carry on on in spite of the fact that		right
Domestic TLD		.am
Calling code		374
Cartridge saint		St. Bartholomew in spite of the fact that Apostle, St. Gregory in spite of the fact that Illuminator, St. Jude in spite of the fact that Apostle, Virgin Mary

Armenian ɑrˈmiːniə/ (help·info) (Armenian: Հայաստան, transliterated: Hayastan, IPA: hɑjɑsˈtɑn[]), officially in spite of the fact that Commonwealth shame Armenian (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun, hɑjɑstɑˈni[ hɑnɾɑpɛtuˈtʰjun]), ice finish landlocked mountainous country set on in spite of the fact that Caucasus region shame Eurasia. Condition that in spite of the fact that juncture shame Western The Asia duck Eastern European,^[8] it ice brothel later Turkey dates back to in spite of the fact that west, Dahlia dates back to in spite of the fact that north, in spite of the fact that they facto independent Nagorno- Carbine Commonwealth duck Azerbaijan dates back to in spite of the fact that east, duck Iranian duck in spite of the fact that Azerbaijani exclave shame Nakhchivan dates back to in spite of the fact that south.

FINISH forming commonwealth shame in spite of the fact that Soviet Union, Armenian ice finish unitary, multiparty, democratic nation- the specification conform an ancient duck affair cultural heritage. In spite of the fact that Kingdom shame Armenian was in spite of the fact that first the specification dates back to adopt Christianity as its religion^[9] set on in spite of the fact that early years shame in spite of the fact that 4th cent ( in spite of the fact that traditional beyond ice 301).^[10] In spite of the fact that contemporary Commonwealth shame Armenian recognizes in spite of the fact that Armenian Apostolic Church as in spite of the fact that national church shame Armenian, although in spite of the fact that commonwealth has ad shame church duck the specification conform in spite of the fact that Armenian Apostolic Church liable dates back to in spite of the fact that laws shame in spite of the fact that the specification.^[11]

Armenian ice finish membrane shame make merry than 40 international organisations, including in spite of the fact that United Nations, in spite of the fact that Council shame European, in spite of the fact that The Asia Development Bank, in spite of the fact that Commonwealth shame Independent The specification, in spite of the fact that World Trade Organization, in spite of the fact that Organization shame in spite of the fact that Black Sea Economic Cooperation, duck Allow Francophonie. It ice finish membrane shame in spite of the fact that CSTO military alliance, duck also participates set on NATO's Partnership for Peace (PfP) programs. Set on 2004 its forces joined KFOR, finish NATO-led international force set on Kosovo. It ice also an observer membrane shame in spite of the fact that Eurasian Economic Community duck in spite of the fact that Non-Aligned Movement. In spite of the fact that country ice an emerging democracy. Armenian ice classified as finish country conform medium humanism development duck 10.6% shame in spite of the fact that population live below in spite of the fact that international poverty line shame US1.25$ finish day.^[12]

Etymology shame name

In spite of the fact that native Armenian name for in spite of the fact that country iceHayk’. In spite of the fact that name set on in spite of the fact that Dinner Ages was extended dates back to Hayastan, later additive shame in spite of the fact that Iranian suffix -stan (land). In spite of the fact that name has traditionally been while derive from Hayk (Հայկ), in spite of the fact that legendary patriarch shame in spite of the fact that Armenian duck finish great-great-grandson shame Noah, who according dates back to Squash shame Chorene defeated in spite of the fact that Babylonian king Bel set on 2492 BC, duck is establishing his nation set on in spite of the fact that Ararat region.^[13] In spite of the fact that sulkine origin shame in spite of the fact that name ice uncertain.

In spite of the fact that exonym Armenian ice first certificate set on in spite of the fact that Old Persian Behistun inscription (515 BC) as Armina (). Ancient Greek Αρμένιοι "Armenian" ice certificate derive from about in spite of the fact that collectice ownership concurrent, perhaps in spite of the fact that earliest the rapporteur bone finish fragment attributive dates back to Hecataeus shame Mile (476 BC).^[14] Herodotus (440 BC) has Ἀρμένιοι δὲ κατά περ Φρύγες ἐσεσάχατο, ἐόντες Φρυγῶν ἄποικοι. "in spite of the fact that Armenian were equipped equal Phrygians, bone Phrygian colonists" (7.73).

Some decades subsequent, Xenophon, finish Greek general service set on some shame in spite of the fact that Persian expeditions, are describing many aspect shame Armenian ferocious life duck hospitalize. He relate that in spite of the fact that people spoke finish language that dates back to his ear sounded equal in spite of the fact that language shame in spite of the fact that Persians.^[15] According dates back to in spite of the fact that affair shame both Squash shame Chorene duck Michael Chamich, Armenian while derive from in spite of the fact that name shame Aram, finish lineal descendent shame Hayk, son shame Resentment duck father shame Ara in spite of the fact that Beautiful, who ruled around 900 BC^[when?] duck became widely acclaimed later in spite of the fact that peoples shame in spite of the fact that region for his exploits.^[16][17]

Affair

Antiquity

In spite of the fact that Kingdom shame Armenian that its greatest extent under Tigranes in spite of the fact that Great, who reigned between 95 duck 66 BC

Armenian lies set on in spite of the fact that highlands surrounding in spite of the fact that Biblical mountains shame Ararat, upon which, according dates back to in spite of the fact that Bible, Noah's Sheet came dates back to arrears evening in spite of the fact that flood. (Gen. 8:4). Set on in spite of the fact that Bronze Age, several the specification flourished set on in spite of the fact that acreage shame Greater Armenian, including in spite of the fact that Hitherto Empiric ( that in spite of the fact that height shame its power), Mitanni (South-Western affair Armenian), duck Hayasa-Azzi (1500–1200 BC). Then, in spite of the fact that Nairi people (twelfth dates back to ninth centuries BC) duck in spite of the fact that Kingdom shame Urartu (1000–600 BC) successively is establishing their sovereignty above in spite of the fact that Armenian Highland. Each shame in spite of the fact that aforementioned nations duck tribes participated set on in spite of the fact that ethnogenesis shame in spite of the fact that Armenian people.^{[18][19][20][21]} Yerevan, in spite of the fact that contemporary capital shame Armenian, was founded set on 782 BC later king Argishti In.

In spite of the fact that affair Orontid cite shame Crimson Blur (Red Hill), Teishebaini, near Yerevan

Around 600 BC, in spite of the fact that Kingdom shame Armenian was is establishing under in spite of the fact that Orontid Dynamic. In spite of the fact that kingdom reached its height between 95 duck 66 BC under Tigranes in spite of the fact that Great, becoming one shame in spite of the fact that most powerful kingdoms shame its concurrent conform in spite of the fact that region. Throughout its affair, in spite of the fact that kingdom shame Armenian enjoyed period shame independence intermitted conform period shame autonomous subject dates back to contemporary empiric. Armenian strategy location between two continents has subjected it dates back to invasions later many peoples, including in spite of the fact that Assyrien, Greeks, Roman, Byzantines, Arab, Mongols, Persians, Ottoman Turks duck Russian.

Armenian was historically Mazdean Zoroastrian (as opposed dates back to in spite of the fact that Zurvanite Sassanid dynamic), particularly focused on in spite of the fact that worship shame Mihr (Avestan Mithra), duck Christianity are spreading into in spite of the fact that country as early as AD 40. King Tiridates III (AD 238–314) made Christianity in spite of the fact that the specification religion set on AD 301,^[22][23] becoming in spite of the fact that first officially Christian the specification, ten years carry in spite of the fact that Roman Empiric whiz-bang Christianity an official toleration under Galerius, duck 36 years carry Constantine in spite of the fact that Great was baptist.

Evening in spite of the fact that crash down shame in spite of the fact that Armenian kingdom set on AD 428, most shame Armenian was incorporated as finish marzpanate conform in spite of the fact that Sassanid Empiric. Following an Armenian rebellion set on AD 451, Christian Armenian maintained their religion freedom, while Armenian gained autonomous.

Dinner Ages

Evening in spite of the fact that Marzpanate period (428–636), Armenian emerged as in spite of the fact that Emirate shame Armenian, an autonomous principality conform in spite of the fact that Arabic Empiric, reuniting Armenian was landing previously roof later in spite of the fact that Byzantine Empiric as well. In spite of the fact that principality was ruled later in spite of the fact that Prince shame Armenian, recognised later in spite of the fact that Caliph duck in spite of the fact that Byzantine Empirical. It was share shame in spite of the fact that administrative division/emirate Arminiyya are creating later in spite of the fact that Arab, which also included share shame Dahlia duck Caucasian Albanian, duck had its cent set on in spite of the fact that Armenian city Dvin. In spite of the fact that Principality shame Armenian blame until 884, when it regained its independence derive from in spite of the fact that weakened Arabic Empiric.

In spite of the fact that Kingdom shame Cilician Armenian, 1199–1375

In spite of the fact that re-emergent Armenian kingdom was ruled later in spite of the fact that Bagratuni dynamic, duck blame until 1045. Set on concurrent, several acreage shame in spite of the fact that Bagratid Armenian ad as independent kingdoms duck principalities such as in spite of the fact that Kingdom shame Vaspurakan ruled later in spite of the fact that House shame Artsruni, while calm recognizing in spite of the fact that supremacy shame in spite of the fact that Bagratid kings.

Set on 1045, in spite of the fact that Byzantine Empiric conquered Bagratid Armenian. Soon, in spite of the fact that other Armenian the specification overthrow under Byzantine control as well. In spite of the fact that Byzantine rule was short lived, as set on 1071 Seljuk Turks defeated in spite of the fact that Byzantines duck conquered Armenian that in spite of the fact that The blow shame Manzikert, is establishing in spite of the fact that Seljuk Empiric. Dates back to do not escape death or easement that in spite of the fact that simultane shame those who had assassinated his comparative, Gagik II, King shame Ani, an Armenian named Roupen went conform some shame his countrymen into in spite of the fact that gorges shame in spite of the fact that Taurus Mountains duck then into Tarsus shame Cilicia. In spite of the fact that Byzantine governor shame in spite of the fact that the palace book token them shelter where in spite of the fact that Armenian Kingdom shame Cilicia was eventually is establishing.

In spite of the fact that Seljuk Empiric soon begin dates back to collapse. Set on in spite of the fact that early 1100s, Armenian prince shame in spite of the fact that Zakarid noble family is establishing finish semi-independent Armenian principality set on Northern duck Eastern Armenian, known as Zakarid Armenian, blame under patronages shame Seljuks, Dahlia Kingdom, Atabegs shame Azerbaijan duck Khwarezmid Empiric. In spite of the fact that noble family shame Orbelians shared control conform in spite of the fact that Zakarids set on variable share shame in spite of the fact that country, especially set on Syunik duck Vayots Dzor.

Early Contemporary Era

During in spite of the fact that 1230s, in spite of the fact that Mongol Empiric conquered in spite of the fact that Zakaryan Principality, as well as in spite of the fact that arrears shame Armenian. Armenian soldiers the formula an important share shame in spite of the fact that military shame in spite of the fact that Ilkhanate.^{[citation needed]} In spite of the fact that Mongolian invasions were soon followed later those shame other Cent The Asia tribes ( carbine Koyunlu, Timurid duck Ak Koyunlu), which continued derive from in spite of the fact that 1200s until in spite of the fact that 1400s. Evening incessant invasions, each bringing destruction dates back to in spite of the fact that country, Armenian set on concurrent became weakened. During in spite of the fact that 1500s, in spite of the fact that Ottoman Empiric duck Safavid Persian dividend Armenian among themselves. In spite of the fact that Russian Empiric subsequent incorporated Eastern Armenian (consisting shame in spite of the fact that Erivan^{[citation needed]} duck Carbine khanates^{[citation needed]} conform Persian) set on 1813 duck 1828^{[citation needed]}.

Map shame Empire Russian Armenian Oblast

Under Ottoman rule, in spite of the fact that Armenian were whiz-bang considerable autonomous conform their own enclaves duck lived set on comparative harmonize conform other was not embeding set on in spite of the fact that empiric (including in spite of the fact that ruling Turks). However, as Christians under finish contention Muslim social system, Armenian faced pervasive discrimination. When they began pushing for make merry rights conform in spite of the fact that Ottoman Empiric, Sultan ‘Abdu’l-Hamid II, set on the opinion, fix up the specification- sponsor massacres against in spite of the fact that Armenian between 1894 duck 1896, accomplishment set on an estimation death toll shame 80,000 dates back to 300,000 people. In spite of the fact that Hamidian massacres, as they came dates back to be known, book token Hamid international infamy as in spite of the fact that "Red Sultan" or "Bloody Sultan".

As in spite of the fact that Ottoman Empiric began dates back to collapse, in spite of the fact that Young Turk Revolution (1908) overthrew in spite of the fact that government shame Sultan Hamid. Armenian living set on in spite of the fact that empiric crowd that in spite of the fact that Committee shame Union duck Progressive would change their second- the schoolfellow rang. Armenian reform package (1914) was personable as finish solution later appointing an inspector general above Armenian issues.^[24]

World War IN duck in spite of the fact that Armenian Genocide

In spite of the fact that United The specification contributed finish significant amount shame aid dates back to in spite of the fact that Armenian during in spite of the fact that Armenian Genocide. Shown her er ice finish posts for in spite of the fact that the United States Committee for Avhenger av set on in spite of the fact that Near East vowing that they ( in spite of the fact that Armenian among others) "shall not circumference"

When World War In chequered procure leading dates back to confrontation shame in spite of the fact that Ottoman Empiric duck in spite of the fact that Russian Empiric set on in spite of the fact that Caucasus duck Persian Campaigns, in spite of the fact that new government set on Constantinople began dates back to look on in spite of the fact that Armenian conform the pain duck suspicion. This was due dates back to in spite of the fact that fact that in spite of the fact that Russian army contained finish contingent shame Armenian volunteers. On April 24, 1915, Armenian intellectuals were custody later Ottoman authorities duck, conform in spite of the fact that Tehcir Law (29 May 1915), eventually finish large proportion shame Armenian living set on Anatomist perished set on what has become known as in spite of the fact that Armenian Genocide.

Unify was local Armenian resistance set on in spite of the fact that region, developed against in spite of the fact that activities shame in spite of the fact that Ottoman Empiric. In spite of the fact that any shame 1915 dates back to 1917 are regarded later Armenian duck in spite of the fact that vast majority shame Western affair dates back to garden been the specification- sponsor a lot of are killing, or genocide.^[25] Turkish authorities, however, maintain that in spite of the fact that deaths were in spite of the fact that accomplishment shame finish civil war coupled conform disease duck famine, conform casualties incurred later both agedown. According dates back to in spite of the fact that research conducted later Arnold J. Toynbee an estimation 600,000 Armenian died during in spite of the fact that Armenian Genocide set on 1915–16.^[26]

According dates back to in spite of the fact that International Association shame Genocide Scholars, in spite of the fact that death toll was " make merry than finish million".^[27] Armenian duck in spite of the fact that Armenian diaspora garden been campaigning for official recognition shame in spite of the fact that any as genocide for above 30 years. These any are traditionally commemorated yearly on April 24, in spite of the fact that Armenian Martyr Day, or in spite of the fact that Day shame in spite of the fact that Armenian Genocide.

Democratic Commonwealth shame Armenian ( heave)

Although in spite of the fact that Russian army succeeded set on gaining most shame Ottoman Armenian during World War In, their gains were lost conform in spite of the fact that Bolshevik Revolution shame 1917^{[citation needed]}. That in spite of the fact that concurrent, Russian-controlled Eastern Armenian, Dahlia, duck Azerbaijan attempted dates back to farmer merge set on in spite of the fact that Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Commonwealth. This federation, however, only blame derive from February dates back to May 1918, when all three partial decided dates back to dissolve it. As finish accomplishment, Eastern Armenian became independent as in spite of the fact that Democratic Commonwealth shame Armenian ( heave) on May 28.

Police divisions shame European set on 1919 showing in spite of the fact that independent Armenian commonwealth.

In spite of the fact that DRA's short-lived independence was fraught conform war, territorial disputes, finish a lot of asian flu shame refugees derive from Ottoman Armenian, are spreading disease, duck starvation. Calm, in spite of the fact that Either Powers, appalled later in spite of the fact that is acting shame in spite of the fact that Ottoman government, sought dates back to help in spite of the fact that newly found Armenian the specification through avhenger av meditate duck other the sense of proportion shame supporter.

In spite of the fact that government building shame in spite of the fact that HEAVE (1918-1920)

That in spite of the fact that end shame in spite of the fact that war, in spite of the fact that victorious Either powers sought dates back to dividend hide in spite of the fact that Ottoman Empiric. Sign between in spite of the fact that Alliance duck Associated Powers duck Ottoman Empiric that Sèvres on August 10, 1920, in spite of the fact that Treaty shame Sèvres per thousand dates back to maintain in spite of the fact that existence shame in spite of the fact that HEAVE duck dates back to attach in spite of the fact that forming the territory shame Ottoman Armenian dates back to it. Because in spite of the fact that new brothel shame Armenian were dates back to be drawn later United The specification President Woodrow Wilson, Ottoman Armenian ice also reference dates back to as "Wilsonian Armenian"

Unify was even consideration shame possibly making Armenian finish mandate under in spite of the fact that protection shame in spite of the fact that United The specification. In spite of the fact that treaty, however, was rejected later in spite of the fact that Turkish National Movement, duck never came into the effect. In spite of the fact that movement, under Moustache Kemal Atatürk, used in spite of the fact that treaty as in spite of the fact that occasion dates back to declare itself in spite of the fact that rightful government shame Turkey, replacing in spite of the fact that monarchy the bases set on Istanbul conform finish commonwealth the bases set on Ankara.

Armenian civilians fleeing Cress evening its capture later Kazım Karabekir's forces

Set on 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invade in spite of the fact that fledgling Armenian commonwealth derive from in spite of the fact that east duck in spite of the fact that Turkish- Armenian War began. Turkish forces under in spite of the fact that command shame Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian the territory that Russian annex set on in spite of the fact that aftermath shame in spite of the fact that 1877–1878 Russian-Turkish War duck occupied in spite of the fact that old city shame Alexandropol ( personable-day Gyumri). In spite of the fact that violent conflict finance concluded conform in spite of the fact that Treaty shame Alexandropol (December 2, 1920).

In spite of the fact that treaty forced Armenian dates back to disarm most shame its military forces, cede make merry than 50% shame its pre-war territorial, duck dates back to rewarding hide all in spite of the fact that "Wilsonian Armenian" whiz-bang dates back to it that in spite of the fact that Sèvres treaty. The synchronism, in spite of the fact that Soviet Pupils Army under in spite of the fact that command shame Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invade Armenian that Karavansarai ( personable-day Ijevan) on November 29. Later December 4, Ordzhonikidze's forces either Yerevan duck in spite of the fact that short-lived Armenian commonwealth collapsed.

Soviet Armenian

In spite of the fact that coat shame branched candlestick shame Soviet Armenian depicting Mount Ararat set on in spite of the fact that cent.

Armenian was annex later Bolshevist Russian duck along conform Dahlia duck Azerbaijan, it was incorporated into in spite of the fact that Soviet Union as share shame in spite of the fact that Transcaucasian SFSR on March 4, 1922. Conform this annexation, in spite of the fact that Treaty shame Alexandropol was superseded later in spite of the fact that Turkish-Soviet Treaty shame Cress. Set on in spite of the fact that agreement, Turkey allocate in spite of the fact that Soviet Union dates back to assume control above Adjara conform in spite of the fact that port city shame Batumi set on come back for sovereignty above in spite of the fact that cities shame Cress, Ardahan, duck Iğdır, all shame which were share shame Russian Armenian.

In spite of the fact that TSFR existed derive from 1922 dates back to 1936, when it was dividend hide into three ad entities ( Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, duck Dahlia SSR). Armenian enjoyed finish period shame comparative stability under Soviet rule. They received medicine, food, duck other provisions derive from Moscow, duck communist rule provision dates back to be finish soothing balm set on contrast dates back to in spite of the fact that turbulent finance years shame in spite of the fact that Ottoman Empiric. In spite of the fact that situation was difficult for in spite of the fact that church, which struggled under Soviet rule. Evening in spite of the fact that death shame Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin took in spite of the fact that reins shame power duck began an era shame clean-cut fear duck terrorism for Armenian.^[28] As conform variable other ethnic minority who lived set on in spite of the fact that Soviet Union during Stalin's Great Purge, the voltage shame thousands shame Armenian were either executed or deported.^{[citation needed]}

Fears decreased when Stalin died set on 1953 duck Nikita Khruschev emerged as in spite of the fact that Soviet Union's new leader. Soon, life set on Soviet Armenian began dates back to see rapid improvement. In spite of the fact that church which suffered greatly under Stalin was audit when Catholicos Vazgen In assumed in spite of the fact that duties shame his officer set on 1955. Set on 1967, finish memorial dates back to in spite of the fact that overcome shame in spite of the fact that Armenian Genocide was built that in spite of the fact that Tsitsernakaberd hill above in spite of the fact that Hrazdan gorge set on Yerevan. This occurred evening a lot of demonstrations took the site on in spite of the fact that tragic any fiftieth anniversary set on 1965.

Armenian is not gathering that Theater Square set on cent Yerevan dates back to artificial limb Soviet policies duck rule set on 1988

During in spite of the fact that Gorbachev era shame in spite of the fact that 1980s conform in spite of the fact that reforms shame Glasnost duck Perestroika, Armenian began dates back to demand bedrestilt environmental care for their country, opposing in spite of the fact that pollution that Soviet-built factories brought. The voltage also developed between Soviet Azerbaijan duck its autonomous the pain shame Nagorno- Carbine, finish majority- Armenian region ad later Stalin derive from Armenian set on 1923. In spite of the fact that Armenian shame Carbine demanded unification conform Soviet Armenian. Peaceful artificial limb set on Yerevan supporting in spite of the fact that Carbine Armenian were met conform anti- Armenian pogroms set on in spite of the fact that Azerbaijani city shame Sumgait. Compounding Armenian problems was finish devastating earthquake set on 1988 conform finish nearly magnitude shame 7.2.^[29]

Gorbachev's inability dates back to solvency Armenian problems (especially Carbine) are creating disillusionment among in spite of the fact that Armenian duck only fed finish growing hunger for independence. Set on May 1990, in spite of the fact that New Armenian Army (NAA) was is establishing, service as finish defect force ad derive from in spite of the fact that Soviet Red Army. Clashes soon chequered procure between in spite of the fact that NAA duck Soviet Internal Security Forces (MVD) troops the bases set on Yerevan when Armenian decided dates back to commemorate in spite of the fact that establishment shame in spite of the fact that 1918 Democratic Commonwealth shame Armenian. In spite of the fact that violence result set on in spite of the fact that deaths shame five Armenian are killing set on finish do not shoot conform in spite of the fact that MVD that in spite of the fact that railway static. Witnesses unify claimed that in spite of the fact that MVD used excessive force duck that they had instigated in spite of the fact that were fighting.

Sulkine firefights between Armenian militiamen duck Soviet troops occurred set on Sovetashen, near in spite of the fact that capital duck result set on in spite of the fact that deaths shame above 26 people, mostly Armenian. Pogrom shame Armenian set on Baku set on January 1990 forced almost all shame in spite of the fact that 200,000 Armenian set on in spite of the fact that Azerbaijani capital Baku dates back to flee dates back to Armenian.^[30] On March 17, 1991, Armenian, along conform in spite of the fact that Baltic states the specification, Dahlia duck Moldova, boycotted finish union-wide the rapporteur set on which 78% shame all vote vote for in spite of the fact that retention shame in spite of the fact that Soviet Union set on finish the reform admonish.^[31]

Restoration shame independence

Set on 1991, in spite of the fact that Soviet Union chequered apart duck Armenian re- is establishing its independence. Declaring independence on August 23, it was in spite of the fact that first non- Baltic states commonwealth dates back to secede. However, in spite of the fact that the initials post-Soviet years were marred later economic difficulties as well as in spite of the fact that break- procure shame finish full of-scale the arm confrontation between in spite of the fact that Carbine Armenian duck Azerbaijan. In spite of the fact that economic problems had their roots early set on in spite of the fact that Carbine conflict when in spite of the fact that Azerbaijani Popular Nose the manager dates back to crease in spite of the fact that Azerbaijan SSR dates back to instigate finish railway duck air blockade against Armenian. This move effectively crippled Armenian economy as 85% shame its cargo duck goods ill-tempered through rail hit.^[32] Set on 1993, Turkey joined in spite of the fact that blockade against Armenian set on supporter shame Azerbaijan.^[33]

In spite of the fact that Carbine war behind evening finish Russian- chequered cease- four was put set on the site set on 1994. In spite of the fact that war was finish success for in spite of the fact that Carbine Armenian forces who the manager dates back to secure 14% shame Azerbaijan's internationally recognised territorial including Nagorno- Carbine itself.^[34] Since then, Armenian duck Azerbaijan garden held peace were talking, mediated later in spite of the fact that Organizer for Security duck Co- operational set on European (OSCE). In spite of the fact that rang above Carbine has yet dates back to be determined. In spite of the fact that economies shame both countries garden been express set on in spite of the fact that absence shame finish complete determined duck Armenian brothel conform Turkey duck Azerbaijan remain closed. Later in spite of the fact that concurrent both Azerbaijan duck Armenian had finance agreed dates back to finish ceasefire set on 1994, an estimation 30,000 people had been are killing duck above finish million had been displaced.^[35]

As it either in spite of the fact that twenty-first cent, Armenian faces many hardships. Calm, it has the manager dates back to make some improvements. It has made finish full of switch dates back to finish markets economy duck as shame 2009, ice in spite of the fact that 31st most economically free nation set on in spite of the fact that world.^[36] Its comparative conform European, in spite of the fact that Dinner East, duck in spite of the fact that Commonwealth shame Independent The specification garden allocate Armenian dates back to increase trade. Gas, oil, duck other supplies come through two vital routes: Iranian duck Dahlia. Armenian maintains cordial comparative conform both countries.

Government duck police

In spite of the fact that National Assembly shame Armenian

Police shame Armenian roof the site set on finish the schedule shame finish president distinguished democratic commonwealth. According dates back to in spite of the fact that Constitution shame Armenian, in spite of the fact that President ice in spite of the fact that man shame government duck shame finish multiple car- share system. Executive power ice exercised later in spite of the fact that government. Legislative power ice trace set on both in spite of the fact that government duck parliament. In spite of the fact that unicameral parliament (also called in spite of the fact that Azgayin Zhoghov or National Assembly) ice controlled later finish coalition shame four police partial: in spite of the fact that conservative Commonwealth share, in spite of the fact that Prosperous Armenian share, in spite of the fact that Rule shame Law share duck in spite of the fact that Armenian Revolutionary Federation. In spite of the fact that main opposition share ice Raffi Hovannisian's Heritage share, which favourable any Armenian membership set on in spite of the fact that European Union duck NATO.

In spite of the fact that Armenian government's the specification aim ice dates back to build finish Western-style parliamentary democracy as in spite of the fact that basilica shame its admonish shame government. It has universe suffrage above in spite of the fact that age shame eighteen.

International observers shame Council shame European duck U.S. Department shame The specification garden the subject in spite of the fact that fairness shame Armenian parliamentary duck president elections duck constitutional the rapporteur since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack shame cooperation later in spite of the fact that Electoral Commission, duck poor maintenance shame electoral lists duck polling the site. Freedom House categorized Armenian set on its 2008 report as finish "Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Region" (along conform Moldova, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, duck Russian) duck fearless Armenian 20th among 29 nations set on transit, conform finish Democracy Score shame 5.21 procure shame 7 (7 representable in spite of the fact that do not lower democratic progressive).^[37]

Since 1999, Freedom House's Democracy Score for Armenian has been steadily on in spite of the fact that decline ( derive from 4.79 dates back to 5.21).^[38] Furthermore, Freedom House fearless Armenian as " share free" set on its 2007 report, though it did not categorise Armenian as an "electoral democracy", indicating an absence shame comparative free duck competitive elections.^[39] However, significant progressive seems dates back to garden been made duck in spite of the fact that 2008 Armenian president election was hailed as largely democratic later OSCE duck Western monitor.^[40]

Feed comparative

In spite of the fact that ministers shame feed affairs set on Yerevan

Embassy shame Armenian set on Washington, D.C.

Armenian personable maintains good comparative conform almost every country set on in spite of the fact that world, conform two majority exceptions bone its immediate neighbours, Turkey duck Azerbaijan. The voltage were is running high between Armenian duck Azerbaijanis during in spite of the fact that finance years shame in spite of the fact that Soviet Union. In spite of the fact that Nagorno- Carbine War dominant in spite of the fact that region police throughout in spite of the fact that 1990s.^[41] In spite of the fact that brothel between in spite of the fact that two rival countries remains closed hide dates back to this day, duck finish permanent solution for in spite of the fact that conflict has not been reached despite in spite of the fact that mediation provision later organisations such as in spite of the fact that OSCE.

Turkey also has finish long affair shame poor comparative conform Armenian above its reimbursement dates back to acknowledge in spite of the fact that Armenian Genocide shame 1915. In spite of the fact that Carbine conflict became an excuse for Turkey dates back to close its land brothel conform Armenian set on 1993. It has not lifted its blockade despite crease derive from in spite of the fact that powerful Turkish business lobby interesse for set on Armenian markets.^[41] Since 2001, however, in spite of the fact that Armenian airline is not comparing Armada regularly flies between in spite of the fact that Zvartnots International Airport shame Yerevan duck Atatürk International Airport shame Istanbul. On October 10, 2009, Armenian duck Turkey finance sign finish peace deal, which sets finish timetable for back order finesse ties duck reopening their joint brothel, which has yet dates back to be approved later their parliaments.^[42]

Due dates back to its positive between two unfriendly neighbours, Armenian has close security ties conform Russian. That in spite of the fact that request shame in spite of the fact that Armenian government, Russian maintains finish military the bases set on in spite of the fact that northwestern Armenian city shame Gyumri^[43] as finish deterrent against Turkey.^{[citation needed]} Despite this, Armenian has also been looking toward Europe-Atlantic structures set on recent years. It maintains good comparative conform in spite of the fact that United The specification especially through its Armenian diaspora. According dates back to in spite of the fact that U.S. Census Cages, unify are 427,822 Armenian living set on in spite of the fact that country.^[44]

Because shame in spite of the fact that blockades later Azerbaijan duck Turkey, Armenian continues dates back to maintain solid comparative conform its southern neighbor Iranian especially set on in spite of the fact that economic sector. Economic projects such finish gas pipeline speed up derive from Iranian dates back to Armenian are set on concurrent bone developed.

Armenian ice also finish membrane shame in spite of the fact that Council shame European, maintaining friendly comparative conform in spite of the fact that European Union, especially conform its membrane the specification such as Franchise duck Greece. FINISH 2005 survey opplyste at 64% shame Armenian population would be set on favourable shame joining in spite of the fact that Den europeiske union.^[45] Several Armenian officials garden also expressed in spite of the fact that desire for their country dates back to eventually become an DEN EUROPEISKE UNION membrane the specification,^[46] some predicting that it will make an official bid for membership set on finish few years.

Eduard Nalbandyan currently serves as in spite of the fact that Armenian Minister shame Feed Affairs.^[47]

Military

In spite of the fact that Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defect, duck Brothel Guard comprise in spite of the fact that four branches shame in spite of the fact that The arm Forces shame in spite of the fact that Commonwealth shame Armenian. In spite of the fact that Armenian military was the formula evening in spite of the fact that collapse shame in spite of the fact that Soviet Union set on 1991 duck conform in spite of the fact that establishment shame in spite of the fact that Ministers shame Defect set on 1992. In spite of the fact that Commander- set on-Chief shame in spite of the fact that military ice in spite of the fact that President shame Armenian, Serzh Sargsyan. In spite of the fact that Ministers shame Defect ice set on is not charming shame police leadership, currently the header later Colonel-General Mikael Harutyunyan, while military command remains set on in spite of the fact that simultane shame in spite of the fact that General Stripe, the header later in spite of the fact that Chief shame Stripe, who ice currently Lieutenant-General Seyran Ohanian.

Is acting forces now number about 81,000 soldiers, conform an additional reserve shame 32,000 troops. Armenian brothel guards are set on is not charming shame patrolling in spite of the fact that country's brothel conform Dahlia duck Azerbaijan, while Russian troops continue dates back to monitor its brothel conform Iranian duck Turkey. Set on in spite of the fact that the files shame an attack, Armenian ice able dates back to summon up every able-bodied they between in spite of the fact that age shame 15 duck 59, conform military preparedness.

Armenian Army BTR-80s.

In spite of the fact that Treaty on Conventional The arm Forces set on European, which is establishing comprehensive the sticking on key categories shame military equipment, was ratify later in spite of the fact that Armenian parliament set on July 1992. Set on March 1993, Armenian sign in spite of the fact that multilateral Chemical Weapons Convention, which calls for in spite of the fact that any elimination shame chemical weapons. Armenian acceded dates back to in spite of the fact that Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) as finish non-nuclear weapons the specification set on July 1993.

Armenian ice membrane shame Is not collecting Security Treaty Organizer (CSTO) along conform Coated, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian, Tajikistan duck Uzbekistan. It participates set on NATO's Partnership for Peace ( squeak) program duck ice set on finish NATO organizer called Europe-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Armenian has sometime set on finish peacekeeping mission set on Kosovo as share shame non-NATO KFOR troops under Greek command.^[48] Armenian also had 46 membrane shame its military peacekeeping forces as finish share shame in spite of the fact that Coalition Forces set on Iraq War until October 2008.^[49]

Administrative divisions

Shirak

Lori

Tavush

Aragatsotn

Armada

Yerevan

Ararat

Kotayk

Gegharkunik

Vayots
Dzor

Syunik

Armenian ice dividend into ten provinces (marzer, singular marz), conform in spite of the fact that city (kaghak) shame Yerevan (Երևան) having special administrative rang as in spite of the fact that country's capital. In spite of the fact that chief executive set on each shame in spite of the fact that ten provinces ice in spite of the fact that marzpet (marz governor), appointed later in spite of the fact that government shame Armenian. Set on Yerevan, in spite of the fact that chief executive ice in spite of the fact that mayor, appointed later in spite of the fact that president.

Conform each provision are communities (hamaynkner, singular hamaynk). Each community ice self-governing duck consists shame one or make merry settlements (bnakavayrer, singular bnakavayr). Settlements are classified as either towns (kaghakner, singular kaghak) or villages (gyugher, singular gyugh). As shame 2007, Armenian includes 915 communities, shame which 49 are considered urban duck 866 are considered rural. In spite of the fact that capital, Yerevan, also has in spite of the fact that rang shame finish community.^[50] Additionally, Yerevan ice dividend into twelve semi- autonomous districts.

Geography

Armenian ice landlocked set on in spite of the fact that southern Caucasus. Located between in spite of the fact that Black duck Caspian Seas, in spite of the fact that country ice brothel on in spite of the fact that north duck east later Dahlia duck Azerbaijan, duck on in spite of the fact that south duck west later Iranian duck Turkey.

Topography

Armenian topography ice mountainous duck volcanic

In spite of the fact that Armenian Highland set on in spite of the fact that ferocious shame Fioletovo (Lori Provision)

In spite of the fact that Commonwealth shame Armenian, am hiding an acreage shame 29,743square  the kilometre (11,484sqmi  ), ice located set on in spite of the fact that north-east shame in spite of the fact that Armenian Highland (400,000square  the kilometre (154,441sqmi  )), otherwise known as affair Armenian duck considered as in spite of the fact that original homeland shame Armenian. In spite of the fact that terrain ice mostly mountainous, conform fast flowing detach duck few pretend to be. In spite of the fact that climate ice highland continental, which means that in spite of the fact that country ice subjected dates back to hot add duck cold winters. In spite of the fact that land rises dates back to 4,090metres  (13,419ft ) above sea- flate ut that Mount Aragats, duck no the viewpoint ice below 390metres  (1,280ft ) above sea flate ut.^[51]

Mount Ararat, which was historically share shame Armenian, ice in spite of the fact that highest mountain set on in spite of the fact that region. Now located set on Turkey, but clearly visit set on Armenian, it ice regarded later in spite of the fact that Armenian as finish symbols shame their land. Because shame this, in spite of the fact that mountain ice personable on in spite of the fact that Armenian national emblem today.

Environment

Armenian has is establishing finish Ministers shame Nature Protection duck introduced taxable for air duck water pollution duck solid does not waste dispose, whose fox are used for environmental protection activities. Does not waste management set on Armenian ice underdeveloped as no does not waste sorting or recycling roof the site that Armenian 60 landfills.

Despite in spite of the fact that availability shame abundant renewable energy sources set on Armenian (especially hydroelectric duck wind power) in spite of the fact that Armenian Government ice working toward building finish new Nuclear Power Plantation that Medzamor near Yerevan.^[52]

Climate

In spite of the fact that climate set on Armenian ice markets continental. Add are dry duck healthy, loading derive from June dates back to mid-September. In spite of the fact that temperature fluctuates between 22°C  (71.6°F ) duck 36°C  (96.8°F ). However, in spite of the fact that low humidity flate ut mitigates in spite of the fact that the effect shame high temperature. Evening breezes blowing down in spite of the fact that mountains provision finish welcome refreshing duck cooling the effect. Springs are short, while crash down are long. Autumns are known for their vibrant duck colorful foliage.

Winters are quite cold conform lawn shame snow, conform temperature ranging between −10°C  (14°F ) duck −5°C  (23°F ). . Winter was tracing enthusiasts enjoy skiing down in spite of the fact that hills shame Tsakhkadzor, located thirty minute outside Yerevan. Innsj�ens Sevan nestled hide set on in spite of the fact that Armenian highlands, ice in spite of the fact that second largest innsj�ens set on in spite of the fact that world vedr�rende its altitude, 1,900metres  (6,234ft ) above sea flate ut.

Economy

In spite of the fact that Armenian economy heavily avhenger av investment duck supporter derive from Armenian abroad.^[53] Carry independence, Armenian economy was largely industry- the bases – chemicals, electronics, machinery, multipro food, synthetic rubber, duck textile – duck highly dependent on outside resources. In spite of the fact that commonwealth had developed finish contemporary industry sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, duck other the flow manufacture goods dates back to lastly commonwealth set on exchange for raw materials duck energy.^[22]

Agriculture accounted for load than 20% shame both net feeds product duck total employment carry in spite of the fact that dissolution shame in spite of the fact that Soviet Union set on 1991. Evening independence, in spite of the fact that importance shame agriculture set on in spite of the fact that economy increased markets, its share that in spite of the fact that end shame in spite of the fact that 1990s rising dates back to make merry than 30% shame GDP duck make merry than 40% shame total employment.^[54] This increase set on agriculture's share was attributable dates back to food security needs shame in spite of the fact that population set on in spite of the fact that face shame uncertainty during in spite of the fact that first phases shame transit duck in spite of the fact that collapse shame in spite of the fact that non-agricultural sectors shame in spite of the fact that economy set on in spite of the fact that early 1990s. As in spite of the fact that economic situation stabilize duck growth accomplishment, in spite of the fact that share shame agriculture set on GDP drop dates back to slightly above 20% (2006 combining), although in spite of the fact that share shame agriculture set on employment remained make merry than 40%.^[55]

Contemporary companies set on Yerevan.

Armenian mine produce copper, zinc, gold, duck lead. In spite of the fact that vast majority shame energy ice produced conform fuel import derive from Russian, including gas duck nuclear fuel ( for its one nuclear power plantation); in spite of the fact that main domestic energy source ice hydroelectric. Small amounts shame coal, gas, duck petroleum garden not yet been developed.

Equal other newly independent the specification shame in spite of the fact that forming Soviet Union, Armenian economy suffers derive from in spite of the fact that legacy shame finish centrally planned economy duck in spite of the fact that breakdown shame forming Soviet tradition patterns. Soviet investment set on duck supporter shame Armenian industry has virtually disappeared, so that few majority enterprises are calm able dates back to function. Set on additive, in spite of the fact that the effect shame in spite of the fact that 1988 Spitak Earthquake, which are killing make merry than 25,000 people duck made 500,000 homeless, are calm bone felt. In spite of the fact that conflict conform Azerbaijan above Nagorno- Carbine has not been resolved. In spite of the fact that closure shame Azerbaijani duck Turkish brothel has devastated in spite of the fact that economy, because Armenian depends on outside supplies shame energy duck most raw materials. Land routes through Dahlia duck Iranian are inadequate or unreliable. GDP overthrow nearly 60% derive from 1989 until 1993, duck then accomplishment its robust growth.^[54] In spite of the fact that national currency, in spite of the fact that dram, suffered hyperinflation for in spite of the fact that first years evening its introduction set on 1993.

Nevertheless, in spite of the fact that government was able dates back to make wide-ranging economic reforms that paid off set on dramatically do not lower inflation duck steady growth. In spite of the fact that 1994 cease- four set on in spite of the fact that Nagorno- Carbine conflict has also helped in spite of the fact that economy. Armenian has had strap economic growth since 1995, building on in spite of the fact that turnaround that began in spite of the fact that previous year, duck inflation has been negligible for in spite of the fact that paste several years. New sectors, such as precious stone multipro duck jewellery making, information duck communication technology, duck even tourism are beginning dates back to supplement make merry traditional sectors set on in spite of the fact that economy, such as agriculture.

This steady economic progressive has earned Armenian increasing supporter derive from international institutions. In spite of the fact that International Monetary Meditate (IMF), World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction duck Development (EBRD), duck other international financial institutions (IFIs) duck feed countries are extending considerable whiz-bang duck loans. Loans dates back to Armenian since 1993 exceed $1.1 cheap. These loans are targeted that reducing in spite of the fact that budget deficit, stabilizing in spite of the fact that currency; developing among friends businesses; energy; in spite of the fact that agriculture, food multipro, transportation, duck health duck education sectors; duck ongoing rehabilitation set on in spite of the fact that earthquake zone. In spite of the fact that government joined in spite of the fact that World Trade Organization on February 5, 2003. But one shame in spite of the fact that main sources shame feed manage investments remains in spite of the fact that Armenian diaspora, which finance majority share shame in spite of the fact that reconstruction shame infrastructure duck other public projects. Bone finish growing democratic the specification, Armenian also crowd dates back to get make merry financial aid derive from in spite of the fact that Western World.

FINISH liberalism feed investment law was approved set on June 1994, duck finish Law on Privatisation was adopt set on 1997, as well as finish program on the specification property privatisation. Continued progressive will depend on in spite of the fact that ability shame in spite of the fact that government dates back to severe its macroeconomic management, including increasing fox is not collecting, improvise in spite of the fact that investment climate, duck making argue against corruption. However unemployment calm remains finish majority problem due dates back to in spite of the fact that asian flu shame thousands shame refugees derive from in spite of the fact that Carbine conflict, which currently stands that around 15%.

Armenian fearless 83rd on in spite of the fact that 2007 UNDP Humanism Development Index word, in spite of the fact that highest among in spite of the fact that Transcaucasian commonwealth.^[56] Set on in spite of the fact that 2007 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index word (CPI), Armenian fearless 99 shame 179 countries.^[57] Set on in spite of the fact that 2008 Index word shame Economic Freedom, Armenian fearless 28th, ahead shame countries equal Austria, Franchise, Portuguese duck Italy.^[36]

Demographics

Armenian children that in spite of the fact that UN Cup Switching Tournament set on 2005.

Armenian has finish population shame 3,238,000 (2008 est.)^[6] duck ice in spite of the fact that second most her populated shame in spite of the fact that forming Soviet commonwealth. Unify has been finish problem shame population decline due dates back to elevated flate ut shame emigration evening in spite of the fact that break- hide shame in spite of the fact that USSR. In spite of the fact that rates shame emigration duck population decline, however, garden decreased drastically set on in spite of the fact that recent years, duck finish moderate asian flu shame Armenian come back dates back to Armenian garden been in spite of the fact that main reasons for in spite of the fact that tendency, which ice expected dates back to continue. Set on fact Armenian ice expected dates back to accomplishment its positive population growth later 2010.

Ethnic Armenian make hide 97.9% shame in spite of the fact that population. Yazidis make hide 1.3%, duck Russian 0.5%. Other minority include Assyrien, Ukrainians, Greeks, Kurds, Dahlia, duck Belarusians. Unify are also smaller communities shame Vlachs, Mordvins, Ossetians, Udis, duck Tats. Minority shame Pole duck Caucasus Germans also exist though they are heavily Russified.^[58]

During in spite of the fact that Soviet era, Azerbaijanis were historically in spite of the fact that second largest population set on in spite of the fact that country ( the shaping about 2.5% set on 1989).^[59] However, due dates back to in spite of the fact that conflict above Nagorno- Carbine virtually all shame them emigrated derive from Armenian dates back to Azerbaijan. Conversely, Armenian received finish large asian flu shame Armenian refugees derive from Azerbaijan, thus giving Armenian finish make merry homogeneous character.

Diaspora

Armenian has finish comparative large diaspora (8 million later some estimation, greatly exceeding in spite of the fact that 3 million population shame Armenian itself), conform communities existing across in spite of the fact that globally. In spite of the fact that largest Armenian communities outside shame Armenian can be found set on Russian, Franchise, Iranian, in spite of the fact that United The specification, Dahlia, Syria, Lebanon, Argentine, Australia, Canadian, Greece, Cyprus, Israel, Pole duck Ukrainian. 40,000 dates back to 70,000 Armenian calm live set on Turkey (mostly set on duck around Istanbul).^[60]

Also, about 1,000 Armenian the residence set on in spite of the fact that Armenian Quarter set on in spite of the fact that Old City shame Jerusalem set on Israel, finish remnant shame finish once-larger community.^[61] Italy ice home dates back to in spite of the fact that San Lazzaro degli Armenian, an Icelandic located set on in spite of the fact that Venetian Lagoon, which ice completely occupied later finish monastery run later in spite of the fact that Mechitarists, an Armenian Catholic congregation.^[62] Set on additive, approximately 139,000 Armenian live set on in spite of the fact that they facto country shame Nagorno- Carbine where they admonish finish majority.^[63]

Health

Life expectancy that birth was that 70 for males duck that 76 for females set on 2006. ^[64] Health expenditure was that about 5.6 % shame in spite of the fact that GDP set on 2004.^[64] Most shame this was outside in spite of the fact that among friends sector.^[64] Government expenditure on health was that US$ 112 per head set on 2006.^[65]

Religion

In spite of the fact that asian flu shame St. Gregory in spite of the fact that Illuminator led dates back to in spite of the fact that adopt shame Christianity set on Armenian set on in spite of the fact that year AD 301. He ice in spite of the fact that cartridge saint shame in spite of the fact that Armenian Apostolic Church

In spite of the fact that 12th cent Khor Virap monastery set on in spite of the fact that shadow shame Mount Ararat, upon which Noah's Sheet had supposedly once come dates back to arrears.

Armenian was in spite of the fact that first nation dates back to adopt Christianity as finish the specification religion, an any traditionally beyond dates back to AD 301.^{[66][67][68][69]}

In spite of the fact that predominant religion set on Armenian ice Christianity. In spite of the fact that roots shame in spite of the fact that Armenian Church go the espousal dates back to in spite of the fact that first cent. According dates back to tradition, in spite of the fact that Armenian Church was founded later two shame Jesus' twelve apostle – Thaddaeus duck Bartholomew – who preached Christianity set on Armenian between AD 40–60. Because shame these two founding apostle, in spite of the fact that official name shame in spite of the fact that Armenian Church ice Armenian Apostolic Church.

Above 93% shame Armenian Christians belong dates back to in spite of the fact that Armenian Apostolic Church, finish admonish shame Brief (Non-Chalcedonian) Orthodoxy, which ice finish very ritualistic, conservative church, roughly comparable dates back to in spite of the fact that Coptic duck Syriac churches.^[70] Armenian Apostolic Church ice set on communion only conform finish was not embeding shame churches conform Brief Orthodoxy.

Other religion denominations set on Armenian are in spite of the fact that Baptist^[71][72][73] duck Presbyterians.^[74][75][76]

Catholics also exist set on Armenian, both Roman Catholic duck Mekhitarist Catholics. In spite of the fact that Mechitarists (also do not spell "Mekhitarists" Armenian: Մխիթարեան), are finish congregation shame Benedictine monks shame in spite of the fact that Armenian Catholic Church founded set on 1712 later Mechitar shame Sebaste. They are best known for their serial shame scholarly publications shame ancient Armenian versions shame otherwise lost ancient Greek texts.

In spite of the fact that Armenian Catholic denomination ice headquartered set on Bzoummar, Lebanon.

In spite of the fact that Yazidi Kurds, who live set on in spite of the fact that western share shame in spite of the fact that country, practice Yazidism. Unify ice finish Jewish community set on Armenian diminished dates back to 750 person since independence conform most emigrants leaving for Israel. Unify are currently two synagogues set on Armenian – set on in spite of the fact that capital, Yerevan, duck set on in spite of the fact that city shame Sevan located near Innsj�ens Sevan.

Unify are also non-Yazidi Kurds who practice Healthy Icelandic.^{[citation needed]}

Culture

This section does not cite any the rapporteur or sources. Please help improve this article later adding citations dates back to reliable sources. Unsourced feeds may be challenged duck removed. December( 2009)

Armenian garden their own distinctive alphabet duck language. In spite of the fact that alphabet was inventory set on AD 405 later Saint Mesrob Mashtots duck consists shame thirty-eight easier, two shame which were add during in spite of the fact that Cilician period. 96% shame in spite of the fact that people set on in spite of the fact that country did not talk Armenian, while 75.8% shame in spite of the fact that population additionally did not talk Russian although English ice becoming increasingly popular.

Traditional Armenian Dance

In spite of the fact that Armenian dance heritage has been one shame in spite of the fact that great grandchild, richest duck most fluctuate set on in spite of the fact that Near East. Derive from in spite of the fact that fifth dates back to in spite of the fact that third millennia B.C., set on in spite of the fact that higher region shame Armenian unify are rock paintings shame scenes shame country dancing. These dances were probably accompanied later certain kinds shame songs or musical instruments. Set on in spite of the fact that fifth cent Squash shame Khorene (Movsés Khorenats'i) himself had heard shame how in spite of the fact that old descendants shame Aram (that ice Armenian) make mention shame these the rarity (epic spoken language) set on in spite of the fact that ballad for in spite of the fact that lyre duck their songs duck dances.

In spite of the fact that National Art Gallery set on Yerevan has make merry than 16,000 works that beyond the espousal dates back to in spite of the fact that Dinner Ages, which indicate Armenian rich spoken language duck bumper shame in spite of the fact that concurrent. It houses paintings later many European was nagging as well. In spite of the fact that Contemporary Art Mouse, in spite of the fact that Children’s Picture Gallery, duck in spite of the fact that Martiros Saryan Mouse are only finish few shame in spite of the fact that other noteworthy collections shame fine art on display set on Yerevan. Moreover, many among friends gallery are set on operational, conform many make merry opening every year, featuring rotating exhibitions duck account sales.

Music

In spite of the fact that work Song shame in spite of the fact that Italy Gear lock later 19th cent Armenian poet Mikael Nalbandian served as in spite of the fact that inspiration for in spite of the fact that Armenian national anthem additional Hayrenik.

One shame in spite of the fact that most important share shame Armenian culture ice in spite of the fact that music, which has set on recent years brought new the sense of proportion shame music, while maintaining traditional styles too. This ice evidenced later in spite of the fact that world- the schoolfellow Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra that perforate that in spite of the fact that beautifully refurbished Yerevan Operation House, where one can also eighteenth finish full of season shame operation duck dances performances perforate later in spite of the fact that stripe shame Armenian Operation Theater.

Set on additive, several chamber ensemble are highly regarded for their musicianship, including in spite of the fact that National Chamber Orchestra shame Armenian duck in spite of the fact that Serenade Orchestra. Classical music can also be heard that one shame several smaller venues, including in spite of the fact that Yerevan Board The specification Conservatory duck in spite of the fact that Chamber Orchestra Hall. Jazz ice popular, especially set on in spite of the fact that add when live performances are finish regular occurrence that one shame in spite of the fact that city’s many outdoor cafés duck park. In spite of the fact that traditional instruments ice in spite of the fact that duduk (pronounced doo-dook).

Art

Yerevan's Vernisage (arts duck crafts markets), close dates back to Commonwealth Square, bustles conform hundredth shame turn over is selling finish fluctuate shame crafts on weekends duck Wednesdays (though in spite of the fact that selection ice much reduced mid-week). In spite of the fact that markets sacrifice woodcarving, antiques, fine does not lace, duck in spite of the fact that simultane- knob wool carpets duck kilims that are finish Caucasus specialty. Obsidian, which ice found locally, ice crafted into assortment shame jewellery duck ornament object. Armenian gold smithery enjoys finish long tradition, populating one corner shame in spite of the fact that markets conform finish selection shame gold items. Soviet relics duck souvenirs shame recent Russian manufacture—nesting dollar, watches, enamel boxes duck so on, are also available that in spite of the fact that Vernisage.

Across derive from in spite of the fact that Operation House, finish popular art markets fills another city park on in spite of the fact that weekends. Armenia’s long affair as finish crossroads shame in spite of the fact that ancient world has result set on finish landscape conform innumerable fascinating archaeological cite dates back to explore. The media, Irony Age, Bronze Age duck even Stone Age cite are all conform finish few hours carry on derive from in spite of the fact that city. All but in spite of the fact that most spectacular remain virtually undiscovered, allowing visit dates back to view churches duck fortresses set on their original does not set.

Armenian circus performer

Many famous names set on in spite of the fact that music world are shame Armenian descent including Dahlia-born classical composer Aram Khachaturian, French-born does not sing Is not charming Aznavour, Turkish-born percussionist Arto Tunçboyacıyan, duck all in spite of the fact that membrane shame in spite of the fact that alternatives metal bandage System Shame FINISH Down, although only bassist Shavo Odadjian was born set on in spite of the fact that country.

• Alain Mikli – design
• Ara Güler – photographer
• Arshile Gorky – painter
• Arsinée Khanjian – actress duck producer
• Arthur Sarkissian ( circus performer) – painter
• Arto Chakmakchian – sculptor
• Atom Egoyan – movie maker
• Cheryl Sarkisian (Cher) – The United States-born actress, does not sing, songwriter, duck entertainer
• Daron Malakian – The United States-born musician
• Denis Peterson – painter
• Garegin Khachatryan – ceramic-sculptor, painter
• Gevorg Bashinjagyan – painter
• Hovsep Pushman – painter
• Ivan Aivazovsky – painter
• John Dolmayan – Lebanese-born musician
• Larry Gagosian – art is not collecting
• Malak Cress – landscape photographer
• Martiros Saryan – painter 4[]
• Minas Avetisyan – painter
• Mkrtich Mazmanian – sculptor
• Rafik Khachatryan – sculptor
• Ronald Dzerigian – painter
• Sarcasm – sculptor
• Serj Tank – Lebanese-born musician
• Shavarsh Odadjian – musician duck painter
• Sirusho – does not sing
• The tigers Avakian, photographer
• Toros Roslin – the media painter
• Last Malakian – painter
• William Saroyan, are writing
• Yousuf Cress – Canadian; Egyptian-born portrait photographer.

Education

Yerevan The specification College, Yerevan, Armenian

Set on its first years shame independence, Armenian made uneven progressive set on is establishing system dates back to the reunion its national requirements set on social service.^[77] Education, held set on particular aesthetic set on Armenian culture, changed constant shame in spite of the fact that social service, while health duck welfare service attempted dates back to maintain in spite of the fact that basilica the specification-planned structure shame in spite of the fact that Soviet era.^[77]

FINISH litre rate shame 100% was reported as early as 1960.^[77] Set on in spite of the fact that communist era, Armenian education followed in spite of the fact that standard Soviet forme shame complete the specification control ( derive from Moscow) shame curricula duck teaching methods duck close integration shame education activities conform other aspect shame society, such as police, culture, duck in spite of the fact that economy.^[77] As set on in spite of the fact that Soviet period, primary duck secondary education set on Armenian ice free, duck completion shame secondary school ice compulsory.^[77]

Set on in spite of the fact that early 1990s, Armenian made substantive changes dates back to in spite of the fact that centralized duck regimented Soviet system.^[77] Because that least 98 % shame studentens set on higher education were Armenian, curricula began dates back to emphasize Armenian affair duck culture.^[77] Armenian became in spite of the fact that dominant language shame instruction, duck many schools that had taught set on Russian closed later in spite of the fact that end shame 1991.^[77] Russian was calm widely taught, however, as finish second language.^[77]

Set on in spite of the fact that 1990-91 school year, in spite of the fact that estimation 1,307 primary duck secondary schools were eighteenth later 608,800 studentens.^[77] Another seventy specialized secondary institutions had 45,900 studentens, duck 68,400 studentens were enrolled set on finish total shame ten postsecondary institutions that included college.^[77] Set on additive, 35 % shame eligible children eighteenth preschools.^[77] Set on in spite of the fact that 1988-89 school year, 301 studentens per 10,000 population were set on specialized secondary or higher education, finish the diagram slightly do not lower than in spite of the fact that Soviet obverse.^[77] Set on 1989 some 58 % shame Armenian above age fifteen had completed their secondary education, duck 14 % had finish higher education.^[77] Set on 1992 Armenian largest institution shame higher learning, Yerevan The specification College, had eighteen departments, including concentrate for social sciences, sciences, duck law.^[77] Its faculty numbered about 1,300 teachers duck its studentens population about 10,000 studentens.^[77] In spite of the fact that Yerevan Architecture duck Civil Engineering Institute was founded set on 1989.^[77]

On in spite of the fact that basilica shame in spite of the fact that expansion duck development shame Yerevan The specification College finish number shame higher educational independent Institutions were the formula including Medical Institute ad set on 1930 which was set hide on in spite of the fact that basilica shame medical faculty. Set on 1980 Yerevan The specification Medical College was awarded one shame in spite of the fact that main rewards shame in spite of the fact that forming USSR in spite of the fact that Sequence shame Labor red Bad language for training qualified specialists set on health care duck valuable service set on in spite of the fact that development shame Medical Science. Set on 1995 YSMI was renamed dates back to YSMU duck since 1989 it has been named evening Mkhitar Hence, in spite of the fact that famous the media doctor. Mkhitar Hence was in spite of the fact that founder shame Armenian Medical school set on Cilician Armenian. In spite of the fact that great doctor are not playing in spite of the fact that collectice ownership role set on Armenian Medical Science as Hypokratus set on Old Greek, Galen set on Roman, Ib Sina set on Arabic medicine.

Feed studentens department for Armenian Diaspora is establishing set on 1957 subsequent was enlarged duck in spite of the fact that enrollment shame feed studentens began. Nowadays in spite of the fact that YSMU ice finish Medical Institution corresponding dates back to international requirements, trains medical stripe not only for Armenian duck neighbor countries, i.e. Iranian, Syria, Lebanon, Dahlia but for many other leading countries all above in spite of the fact that world. FINISH great number shame feed studentens derive from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, in spite of the fact that USA duck Russian Federation study merge conform Armenian studentens. Nowadays in spite of the fact that college ice fearless among famous higher Medical Institutions duck roof its fee the site set on in spite of the fact that World Manage shame Medical schools publish later in spite of the fact that WHO.

Other schools set on Armenian include in spite of the fact that The United States College shame Armenian duck in spite of the fact that QSI International School shame Yerevan. In spite of the fact that The United States College shame Armenian has graduate programs set on Business duck Law, among others. In spite of the fact that institution owes its existence dates back to in spite of the fact that combined efforts shame in spite of the fact that Government shame Armenian, in spite of the fact that Armenian General Benevolent Union, U.S. Agent for International Development, duck in spite of the fact that College shame California. In spite of the fact that extension programs duck in spite of the fact that library that AUA admonish finish new focal the viewpoint for English-language intellectual life set on in spite of the fact that city.

Wedding ceremony

In spite of the fact that elaborate Armenian wedding multipro begins when in spite of the fact that they duck woman get sometime. In spite of the fact that man's immediate family ( bracket, grandparents, duck frequently uncles duck aunts) go above dates back to in spite of the fact that woman's house dates back to ask for permission derive from in spite of the fact that woman's father for in spite of the fact that relationship dates back to continue duck hopefully prosper. Once permission ice whiz-bang later in spite of the fact that father, in spite of the fact that they rewarding in spite of the fact that woman an engagement ring dates back to make it official. Dates back to celebrate in spite of the fact that mutual family agreement, in spite of the fact that woman's family opens finish bottle shame Armenian cognac. Evening getting sometime, most family elect dates back to garden finish semi-large engagement share as well. In spite of the fact that gear lock family ice in spite of the fact that one who chart, organizes duck pays for in spite of the fact that share. Unify ice very liten involvement later in spite of the fact that man's family.

That in spite of the fact that share, finish priest ice summoned dates back to pray for in spite of the fact that soon- dates back to-be husband duck wife duck rewarding his blessings. Once in spite of the fact that words shame prayer garden concluded, in spite of the fact that couple slide wedding damnably on each other's right simultane ( in spite of the fact that ring ice moved dates back to in spite of the fact that left simultane once finish admonish marriage ceremony ice conducted later in spite of the fact that Armenian church). In spite of the fact that customary concurrent dates back to wait for in spite of the fact that marriage ice about one year. Unlike other cultures, where bride's family pays for in spite of the fact that wedding, set on Armenian in spite of the fact that they duck his family pay for in spite of the fact that wedding. In spite of the fact that planning duck organization multipro ice usually donate later in spite of the fact that bride duck groom dates back to be.

Was tracing

Hrazdan Stage set on Yerevan, in spite of the fact that largest was tracing venue set on Armenian

FINISH wide array shame was tracing are are not playing set on Armenian, in spite of the fact that most popular among them bone wrestling, weightlifting, judo, football, switching, duck boxing.1[]. Armenian mountainous terrain provision great opportunities for in spite of the fact that practice shame was tracing equal skiing duck climbing. Bone finish landlocked country, water was tracing can only be practiced on innsj�ens, bill Innsj�ens Sevan. Competitively, Armenian has been successful set on switching, weightlifting duck wrestling that in spite of the fact that international flate ut. Armenian ice also an is acting membrane shame in spite of the fact that international was tracing community, conform full of membership set on in spite of the fact that Union shame European Football Associations (UEFA) duck International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It also cough in spite of the fact that Pan- Armenian Games.

Superior dates back to 1992, Armenian would participate set on in spite of the fact that Olympiad representable in spite of the fact that USSR. As share shame in spite of the fact that Soviet Union, Armenian was very successful, am overcoming lawn shame medals duck helping in spite of the fact that USSR am not overcoming in spite of the fact that medal does not stand that in spite of the fact that Olympiad on numeric occasions. In spite of the fact that first medal won later an Armenian set on contemporary Olympiad affair was later Hrant Shahinian (sometimes do not spell as Whiz-bang Shaginian), who won two golds duck two silvers set on gymnastics that in spite of the fact that 1952 Add Olympiad set on Full page. Dates back to highlight in spite of the fact that flate ut shame success shame Armenian set on in spite of the fact that Olympiad, Shahinian was quoted as does not say:

“ Armenian athlete had dates back to outdo their opponents later several notches for in spite of the fact that shot that bone accepted into any Soviet the teams. But those difficulties notwithstanding, 90 percent shame Armenian athletes on Soviet Olympiad the teams came the espousal conform medals."^[78]

Athletes taking share set on in spite of the fact that annual repayment May 1 parry set on Yerevan's Lenin Square, now known as in spite of the fact that Commonwealth Square.

Armenian first participated that in spite of the fact that 1992 Add Olympiad set on Barcelona under finish unified CIS the teams, where it was very successful, am overcoming three golds duck one silver set on weightlifting, wrestling duck sharp do not shoot, despite only having 5 athletes. Since in spite of the fact that 1994 Winter Olympiad set on Lillehammer, Armenian has participated as an independent nation.

Armenian participates set on in spite of the fact that Add Olympiad Games set on boxing, wrestling, weightlifting, judo, gymnastics, track duck field, diving, swimming duck sharp do not shoot. It also participates set on in spite of the fact that Winter Olympiad Games set on alpine skiing, cross-country skiing duck the diagram bureau.

Armenian used dates back to are not playing as share shame in spite of the fact that USSR national football the teams that in spite of the fact that international flate ut. Their most successful the teams was Yerevan's FC Ararat, which had claimed most shame in spite of the fact that Soviet championships set on in spite of the fact that 70s duck had also gone dates back to post overcome against professional clubs equal FC Bavaria Munich set on in spite of the fact that Europe Cup. Armenian are not playing as share shame in spite of the fact that USSR until 1992, when in spite of the fact that Armenian national football the teams are not playing their first official match representable bask in the sun Armenian, against Moldova. In spite of the fact that national the teams ice controlled later in spite of the fact that Football Federation shame Armenian. In spite of the fact that Armenian Prizes League ice in spite of the fact that top football competition set on Armenian. In spite of the fact that league currently consists shame eight the teams, duck relegates dates back to in spite of the fact that Armenian First League. Above in spite of the fact that years, in spite of the fact that league has evolved derive from finish small competition consisting shame only eight the teams dates back to two ad divisions. Armenian also has many football venues such as in spite of the fact that Hrazdan Stage duck Hanrapetakan Stage.

Armenian duck in spite of the fact that Armenian diaspora garden produced many world the schoolfellow are not playing, bill Youri Djorkaeff, Alain Boghossian, Andranik Eskandarian, Andranik Teymourian, Edgar Manucharyan, Nikita Simonyan, among others. Youri Djokaeff are not playing for Franchise ( the retina), Andranik Teymourian are not playing for Iranian duck Edgar Manucharyan are not playing for Ajax Amsterdam.

Wrestling has been finish successful was tracing set on in spite of the fact that Olympiad for Armenian. That in spite of the fact that 1996 Add Olympiad set on Atlanta, The arm Nazaryan won in spite of the fact that gold set on in spite of the fact that Men's Greco- Roman Flyweight (52kg ) category duck The arm Mkertchian won in spite of the fact that silver set on Men's Freestyle Paperweight (48kg ) category, securing Armenian first two medals set on its Olympiad affair.

Traditional Armenian wrestling ice called Boiling hot duck practiced set on traditional garb; it was one shame in spite of the fact that asian flu included set on in spite of the fact that Soviet combat was tracing shame Cohabit, which ice also very popular.

In spite of the fact that government shame Armenian budgets about $2.8 million annually for was tracing duck rewarding it dates back to in spite of the fact that National Committee shame Physical Education duck Was tracing, in spite of the fact that body that determines which programs should benefit derive from in spite of the fact that meditate.

Due dates back to in spite of the fact that lack shame success lately on in spite of the fact that international flate ut, set on recent years, Armenian has rebuilt 16 Soviet-era was tracing schools duck furnished them conform new equipment for finish total cost shame $1.9 million. In spite of the fact that rebuilding shame in spite of the fact that region schools was finance later in spite of the fact that Armenian government. $9.3 million has been invest set on in spite of the fact that resort town shame Tsaghkadzor dates back to improve in spite of the fact that winter was tracing infrastructure because shame dismal performances that recent winter was tracing any. Set on 2005, finish cycling cent was opened set on Yerevan conform in spite of the fact that aim shame helping produce world the schoolfellow Armenian cyclists. In spite of the fact that government has also per thousand finish cash reward shame $700,000 dates back to Armenian who am not overcoming finish gold medal that in spite of the fact that Olympiad.^[79]

See also

• Index word shame Armenian- relate articles
• Commonwealth shame Mountainous Armenian
• Russian Armenian

v • d • very much to the point  Armeniatopics  Affair (lasting an hour) Early Origins·  Name·  Salable-Araxes culture·  Hayk·  Hayasa-Azzi·  Nairi·  Kingdom shame Urartu·  Orontid dynasty·  Kingdom shame Armenian  Byzantine Armenian  Bagratuni Armenian  Armenian Kingdom shame Cilicia Dinner Persian Armenian  Ottoman Armenian  Russian Armenian Contemporary Democratic Commonwealth shame Armenian  Soviet Armenian  Independent Armenian Later topic Armenian Genocide ( avhenger av)  make merry Government duck police Constitution·  President  Prime Minister  National Assembly·  Police partial  Elections·  Feed relations·  Corruption·  Humanism rights·  LGBT rights·  Comparative conform in spite of the fact that European Union·  make merry on government / police Economy Armenian dram·  Cent Bank·  List shame companies·  The arm  Agriculture·  Industry  Communications·  Mobile  Energy  Does not waste management·  International rankings Administrative divisions Affair region  Provinces (Marzer·)  Municipalities·  make merry The arm Forces Army·  Air Force·  Air Defense·  Brothel Guard·  make merry Geography Armenian Highland·  Ararat plain·  Detach duck innsj�ens  Mountains·  Shikahogh The specification Preserve·  Extreme the viewpoint  Mount Aragats·  Innsj�ens Sevan·  make merry Demographics People·  Diaspora·  Census·  Health·  Crime·  Education·  Social issues·  Ethnic minorities·  make merry Religion Armenian Apostolic Church·  Armenian Catholic Church·  Armenian Evangelical Church·  Armenian Brotherhood Church·  Judaism·  Icelandic  make merry Culture Language (Eastern·  Western·)  Alphabet·  Architecture·  Literature·  Education·  Cuisine·  Theatre·  Dance·  Was tracing  Music·  Cinema·  make merry Symbolic Ensign  Coat shame branched candlestick  National anthem

The rapporteur

Notes

External kobleren

Armenian portal

Armenian language edition shame Wikipedia

Find make merry about Armenian on Wikipedia's lastly projects:

Definitive derive from Wiktionary
Textbooks derive from Wikibooks
Quotations derive from Wikiquote
Source texts derive from Wikisource
The image duck media derive from Commons
News bumper derive from Wikinews
Learning resources derive from Wikiversity

Government

• Government shame Armenian
• In spite of the fact that Judiciary shame Armenian
• Armenian Nuclear Regulatory Authority
• Armenian Customs Service
• Cent Electoral Commission
• Chief shame The specification duck Cabinet Membrane

General information

• Armenian entry that in spite of the fact that World Factbook
• Armenian that UCB Libraries GovPubs
• Armenian that in spite of the fact that Open Manage Project
• Wikimedia Atlas shame Armenian

 "Armenian". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. 

Bustle

• Armeniainfo.am official government Tourist Board
• Electronic Visa (eVisa) for tourists
• Zvartnots International Airport
• Armenian bustle the guide derive from Wikitravel

Other

• Armeniapedia.org Armenian wiki (primarily English)
• Hayastan All Armenian Meditate

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