Biblical apocrypha
Derive from Wikipedia, in spite of the fact that free encyclopedia
In spite of the fact that biblical apocrypha ( derive from in spite of the fact that Greek word ἀπόκρυφος meaning hidden) are books publish set on an edition shame in spite of the fact that Bible whose canonicity in spite of the fact that publish either rejects or safely.[1] For this reason they are typically printer set on finish third section shame in spite of the fact that Bible apart derive from in spite of the fact that Old duck New Testaments. Set on many editions they are omitted entirely.
Difference churches duck congregations garden difference views on what constitutes their biblical canon. FINISH comparative list can be found set on in spite of the fact that article on books shame in spite of the fact that Bible. In spite of the fact that biblical apocrypha are sometimes called common " in spite of the fact that" Apocrypha. For extra-biblical works sometimes reference dates back to as "apocrypha", see in spite of the fact that articles on apocrypha duck on Pseudepigrapha. For biblical works sometimes classified as "apocrypha" despite bone considered canonical later non-Protestant Christians ( in spite of the fact that majority shame all Christians), see in spite of the fact that article on deuterocanonical books.
Although in spite of the fact that term apocrypha common means hidden, this usage ice sometimes considered pejorative later those who consider some such works dates back to be canonical share shame scripture.
The discord |
[edit] Apocrypha set on in spite of the fact that editions shame in spite of the fact that Bible
Surviving manuscripts shame in spite of the fact that whole Christian Bible (see for example Codex Vaticanus, Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus, duck Peshitta), include that least some shame in spite of the fact that Apocrypha as well as disputed books. Evening in spite of the fact that Protestant duck Catholic canons were definable later Luther (c. 1534) duck Was training (1546) respectively, early Protestant editions shame in spite of the fact that Bible ( bill in spite of the fact that Luther Bible set on German duck 1611 King But Verse set on English) did not omit these books, but the site them set on finish ad Apocrypha section apart derive from in spite of the fact that Old duck New Testaments dates back to indicate their rang.
[edit] Gutenberg Bible
This famous edition shame in spite of the fact that Vulgate was publish set on 1455. Equal in spite of the fact that manuscripts on which it was the bases, in spite of the fact that Gutenberg Bible lacked finish specific Apocrypha section;[2] its Old Testament included in spite of the fact that books that Jerome considered apocryphal, duck those which Clement VIII would subsequent move dates back to in spite of the fact that appendix. In spite of the fact that Prayer shame Manasses was located evening in spite of the fact that Books shame Chronicles, duck 3 duck 4 Esdras followed 2 Esdras (Nehemiah), duck Prayer shame The solo followed Ecclesiasticus.
[edit] Luther Bible
Martin Luther translated in spite of the fact that Bible into German during in spite of the fact that early share shame in spite of the fact that 16th cent, first releasing finish complete Bible set on 1534. His Bible was in spite of the fact that first majority edition dates back to garden finish ad section called Apocrypha. Books duck portions shame books not found set on in spite of the fact that Masoretic Text shame Judaism were moved procure shame in spite of the fact that body shame in spite of the fact that Old Testament dates back to this section.[3] Luther the site these books between in spite of the fact that Old duck New Testaments. For this reason, these works are sometimes known as inter-testamental books, see also Intertestamental period. In spite of the fact that books 1 duck 2 Esdras were omitted entirely.[4] Some twentieth cent editions shame in spite of the fact that Luther Bible omit in spite of the fact that Apocrypha section[citation needed].
Luther also expressed some safely about in spite of the fact that canonicity shame four New Testament books, although he never called them apocrypha: in spite of the fact that The episode dates back to in spite of the fact that Hebrews, in spite of the fact that Epistles shame But duck Jude, duck in spite of the fact that Revelation dates back to John. He did not put them set on finish ad named section, but he did move them dates back to in spite of the fact that end shame in spite of the fact that New Testament.[5]
[edit] Clementine Vulgate
Set on 1592 Pope Clement VIII publish his accountancy edition shame in spite of the fact that Vulgate. He moved three books not found set on in spite of the fact that canon shame in spite of the fact that Council shame Was training into an appendix, "ne prorsus interirent," " last they devise circumference".[6]
- Prayer shame Manasses
- 3 Esdras (1 Esdras set on in spite of the fact that King But Bible)
- 4 Esdras (2 Esdras set on in spite of the fact that King But Bible)
All in spite of the fact that other books shame in spite of the fact that Old Testament, including in spite of the fact that deuterocanonical books, were the site set on their traditional positive.
[edit] Apocrypha shame in spite of the fact that King But Verse
In spite of the fact that English-language King But Verse shame 1611 followed in spite of the fact that lead shame in spite of the fact that Luther Bible set on using an inter-testamental section labelled "Books called Apocrypha", or adjust "Apocrypha" that in spite of the fact that is running page the header. In spite of the fact that section contains in spite of the fact that following:[7]
- 1 Esdras (Vulgate 3 Esdras)
- 2 Esdras (Vulgate 4 Esdras)
- Tobit
- Judith
- Arrears shame Esther (Vulgate Esther 104:-1624:)
- Wisdom
- Ecclesiasticus (also known as Sirach)
- Baruch duck in spite of the fact that The episode shame Jeremy (all share shame Vulgate Baruch)
- Song shame in spite of the fact that Three Children (Vulgate Daniel 324:-90)
- Bumper shame Susanna (Vulgate Daniel 13)
- In spite of the fact that Idol Bel duck in spite of the fact that The draughts (Vulgate Daniel 14)
- Prayer shame Manasses
- 1 Maccabees
- 2 Maccabees
Included set on this list are those books shame in spite of the fact that Vulgate which were not set on Luther's canon. These are in spite of the fact that books which are most frequently reference dates back to later in spite of the fact that casual appellation in spite of the fact that" Apocrypha". These collectice ownership books are also array set on Article We shame in spite of the fact that Thirty-Nine Articles shame in spite of the fact that Church shame England.[8] But despite bone the site set on in spite of the fact that Apocrypha, set on in spite of the fact that the tablet shame load that in spite of the fact that nose shame in spite of the fact that King But Bible, these books are included under in spite of the fact that Old Testament.
[edit] Other early Bible editions
 |
This section requires expansion. |
All English translations shame in spite of the fact that Bible printer set on in spite of the fact that sixteenth cent included finish section or appendix for Apocryphal books. Faintness Bible, publish set on 1537, contains all in spite of the fact that Apocrypha shame in spite of the fact that subsequent King But Verse set on an inter-testamental section. In spite of the fact that 1538 Myles Coverdale Bible contained an Apocrypha which excluded Baruch duck in spite of the fact that Prayer shame Manasseh. In spite of the fact that 1560 Geneva Bible the site in spite of the fact that Prayer shame Manasseh evening 2 Chronicles; in spite of the fact that arrears shame in spite of the fact that Apocrypha were the site set on an inter-testamental section. In spite of the fact that Douay-Rheims Bible (1582-1609) the site in spite of the fact that Prayer shame Manasseh duck 3 duck 4 Esdras into an Appendix shame in spite of the fact that second bulge shame in spite of the fact that Old Testament.
Set on in spite of the fact that Zürich Bible (1529-30) they are the site set on an Appendix. They include 3 Maccabees, along conform 1 Esdras & 2 Esdras. In spite of the fact that 1st edition omitted in spite of the fact that Prayer shame Manasseh duck in spite of the fact that Arrears shame Esther, although these were included set on in spite of the fact that 2nd edition. In spite of the fact that French Bible (1535) shame Pierre Robert Olivétan the site them between in spite of the fact that Testaments, conform in spite of the fact that nice, " in spite of the fact that bulge shame in spite of the fact that apocryphal books contained set on in spite of the fact that Vulgate translation, which we garden not found set on in spite of the fact that Hebrew or Chaldee".
Set on 1569 in spite of the fact that Spain Reina Bible following in spite of the fact that example shame in spite of the fact that pre-Clementine Latin Vulgate contained in spite of the fact that deuterocanonical books set on its Old Testament. Valera's 1602 accountancy shame in spite of the fact that Reina Bible removed these books into an inter-Testamental section following in spite of the fact that other Protestant translations shame its day.
[edit] Contemporary editions
All King But Bibles publish carry 1640 included in spite of the fact that Apocrypha.[citation needed] Set on 1826[9], in spite of the fact that British duck Feed Bible Society decided that no BFBS meditate were dates back to pay for printer any Apocryphal books anywhere. Since then most contemporary editions shame in spite of the fact that Bible duck re-printings shame in spite of the fact that King But Bible omit in spite of the fact that Apocrypha section. Set on in spite of the fact that 18th cent, in spite of the fact that Apocrypha section was omitted derive from in spite of the fact that Challoner accountancy shame in spite of the fact that Douay-Rheims verse. Set on in spite of the fact that 1979 accountancy shame in spite of the fact that Vulgate, in spite of the fact that section was drop. Contemporary reprintings shame in spite of the fact that Clementine Vulgate commonly omit in spite of the fact that Apocrypha section. Many reprintings shame great grandchild versions shame in spite of the fact that Bible now omit in spite of the fact that apocrypha duck many newer translations duck revisions garden never included them that all.
Unify are some exceptions dates back to this tendency, however. Some editions shame in spite of the fact that Accountancy Standard Verse shame in spite of the fact that Bible include not only in spite of the fact that Apocrypha array above, but also in spite of the fact that third duck fourth books shame in spite of the fact that Maccabees, duck Psalm 151; in spite of the fact that RSV Apocrypha also lists in spite of the fact that Easier shame Jeremiah ( the episode shame Jeremy set on in spite of the fact that KJV) as ad derive from in spite of the fact that book shame Baruch, following in spite of the fact that Orthodox tradition.
In spite of the fact that The United States Bible Society lifted restrictions on in spite of the fact that publication shame Bibles conform in spite of the fact that Apocrypha set on 1964. In spite of the fact that British duck Feed Bible Society followed set on 1966.[10] In spite of the fact that Stuttgart edition shame in spite of the fact that Vulgate ( in spite of the fact that printer edition, not most shame in spite of the fact that on-line editions), which ice publish later in spite of the fact that UBS, contains in spite of the fact that Clementine Apocrypha as well as in spite of the fact that The episode dates back to in spite of the fact that Laodiceans duck Psalm 151.
Brenton's edition shame in spite of the fact that Septuagint includes all shame in spite of the fact that Apocrypha found set on in spite of the fact that King But Bible conform in spite of the fact that exception shame 2 Esdras, which was not set on in spite of the fact that Septuagint duck ice no longer extant set on Greek.[11] He the site them set on finish ad section that in spite of the fact that end shame his Old Testament, following English tradition.
Set on Greek circles, however, these books are not traditionally called Apocrypha, but Anagignoskomena (ἀναγιγνωσκόμενα), duck are integration into in spite of the fact that Old Testament. In spite of the fact that Orthodox Study Bible, publish later Thomas Nelson Publishers, includes in spite of the fact that Anagignoskomena set on its Old Testament. This was translated later in spite of the fact that Saint Athanasius Academy shame Orthodox Theology, derive from in spite of the fact that Rahlfs Edition shame in spite of the fact that Septuagint. As such, they are included set on in spite of the fact that Old Testament conform no distinction between these books duck in spite of the fact that arrears shame in spite of the fact that Old Testament. This follows in spite of the fact that tradition shame in spite of the fact that Eastern Orthodox Church where in spite of the fact that Septuagint ice used for Old Testament scripture, rather than in spite of the fact that Masoretic Hebrew bible.[12]
[edit] Anagignoskomena
In spite of the fact that Septuagint, in spite of the fact that pre-eminent Greek verse shame in spite of the fact that Old Testament, contains books that are not personable set on in spite of the fact that Hebrew Bible. These texts are not traditionally segregation into finish ad section, nor are they usually called apocrypha. Rather, they are reference dates back to as in spite of the fact that Anagignoskomena (" the rarity that are read"). In spite of the fact that anagignoskomena are Tobit, Judith, Wisdom shame The solo, Wisdom shame Jesus Sirach, Baruch, The episode shame Jeremy ( set on in spite of the fact that Vulgate this ice chapter 6 shame Baruch), additive dates back to Daniel ( in spite of the fact that Prayer shame Azarias, Sosanna duck Bel duck in spite of the fact that The draughts), additive dates back to Esther, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, 3 Maccabees, 1 Esdras, duck Psalm 151. 4 Maccabees ice relegated dates back to an appendix set on contemporary editions shame in spite of the fact that Greek Bible.
Some editions add in spite of the fact that Odes, including in spite of the fact that Prayer shame Manasses. Some Slavonic Bibles add 2 Esdras.
[edit] Pseudepigrapha
Technically finish pseudepigraphon ice finish book are writing set on finish biblical style which ice ascribed dates back to an author who did not are writing it. Set on common usage, however, in spite of the fact that term pseudepigrapha ice frequently used later way shame distinction dates back to reference dates back to apocryphal are writing which do not appeal set on printer editions shame in spite of the fact that Bible, as opposed dates back to in spite of the fact that apocryphal texts array above. Examples[13] include:
- easier shame Aristeas
- Martyrdom duck Ascension shame Isaiah
- Joseph duck Aseneth
- Life shame Adam duck Eve
- Lives shame in spite of the fact that Prophets
- Ladder shame Jacob
- Jannes duck Jambres
- affair shame in spite of the fact that Rechabites
- Eldad duck Modad
- affair shame Joseph
- Odes shame The solo
- Prayer shame Joseph
- Prayer shame Jacob.
Frequently included among in spite of the fact that pseudepigrapha are 3 duck 4 Maccabees because they are not traditionally found set on western Bibles, although they are set on in spite of the fact that Septuagint. Similarly, in spite of the fact that Book shame Enoch, Book shame Jubilee duck 4 Baruch are frequently array conform in spite of the fact that pseudepigrapha although they are commonly included set on Ethiopian Bibles. In spite of the fact that Psalms shame The solo are found set on some editions shame in spite of the fact that Septuagint.
[edit] Cultural impact
- Christopher Columbus was said dates back to garden been inspired later finish verse derive from 4 Esdras 642: dates back to sign for his hazardous case record across in spite of the fact that Atlantic.[14]
- In spite of the fact that introitus, " ether arrears whiz-bang unto them, O Lord, duck let perpetual the lighter shine upon them", shame in spite of the fact that traditional Requiem set on in spite of the fact that Catholic Church ice does not loose the bases on 4 Esdras 234:-35.
- In spite of the fact that alternatives introitus for Quasimodo Sound set on in spite of the fact that Roman rite shame in spite of the fact that Catholic Church ice does not loose the bases on 4 Esdras 236:-37.
- In spite of the fact that Bumper shame Susanna ice perhaps in spite of the fact that earliest example shame finish courtroom drama.
- Bel duck in spite of the fact that The draughts ice perhaps in spite of the fact that earliest example shame finish locked room mystery.
- Shylock's the rapporteur set on in spite of the fact that Merchant shame Venice dates back to " finish Daniel come dates back to judgment; yea, finish Daniel!" reference dates back to in spite of the fact that bumper shame Susanna duck in spite of the fact that elders.
- In spite of the fact that theme shame in spite of the fact that elders surprising Susanna set on here bath ice finish common one set on art, such as set on paintings later Tintoretto duck Artemisia Gentileschi, duck set on Wallace Stevens' poem Peter Quince that in spite of the fact that Clavier.
- Let Us Now Praise Famous But, in spite of the fact that headings shame But Agee's 1941 chronicle shame Alabama sharecroppers, was roof derive from Ecclesiasticus 441:: "Let us now praise famous but, duck our fathers that begat us."
- Set on his spiritual autobiography Grace Abounding dates back to in spite of the fact that Chief shame Fierceness, John Bunyan recounts how Good strengthened him against in spite of the fact that temptation dates back to despair shame his salvation later inspiring him conform in spite of the fact that words, "Look that in spite of the fact that are not generating shame old duck see: did any ever trust set on Good, duck were confounded?"
| “ | That which IN was greatly encouraged set on my the soul... So coming home, IN personable went dates back to my Bible, dates back to see if IN could find that does not say, not safely but dates back to find it personable... Thus IN continued above finish year, duck could not find in spite of the fact that the site; but that blame, casting my eye upon in spite of the fact that Apocrypha books, IN found it set on Ecclesiasticus, chap. ii. 10. This, that in spite of the fact that first, did somewhat daunt me; because it was not set on those texts that we call holy duck canonical; yet, as this center was in spite of the fact that sum duck substance shame many shame in spite of the fact that per thousand, it was my duty dates back to roof in spite of the fact that comfort shame it; duck IN bless Good for that word, for it was shame good dates back to me. That word doth calm ofttimes shine carry my face.[15] | ” |
[edit] Biblical canon
[edit] Vulgate prologue
Jerome completed his verse shame in spite of the fact that Bible, in spite of the fact that Latin Vulgate, set on 405. Set on in spite of the fact that Dinner Ages in spite of the fact that Vulgate became in spite of the fact that they facto standard verse shame in spite of the fact that Bible set on in spite of the fact that West. These Bibles were dividend into Old duck New Testaments only; unify was no ad Apocrypha section. Nevertheless, in spite of the fact that Vulgate manuscripts included prologue[16] which clearly identified certain books shame in spite of the fact that Vulgate Old Testament as apocryphal or non-canonical. Set on in spite of the fact that prologue dates back to in spite of the fact that books shame Samuel duck Kings, which ice frequently called in spite of the fact that Prologue Galeatus, Jerome are describing those books not translated derive from in spite of the fact that Hebrew as apocrypha; he specifically mentions that Wisdom, in spite of the fact that book shame Jesus son shame Sirach, Judith, Tobias, duck in spite of the fact that Shepherd "are not set on in spite of the fact that canon". Set on in spite of the fact that prologue dates back to Esdras he mentions 3 duck 4 Esdras as bone apocrypha. Set on his prologue dates back to in spite of the fact that books shame The solo, he mentioned " in spite of the fact that book shame Jesus son shame Sirach duck another pseudepigraphos, which ice headings in spite of the fact that Wisdom shame The solo". He says shame them duck Judith, Tobias, duck in spite of the fact that Books shame in spite of the fact that Maccabees, that in spite of the fact that Church "has not received them among in spite of the fact that canonical scriptures".
He mentions in spite of the fact that book shame Baruch set on his prologue dates back to in spite of the fact that Jeremias duck does not explicitly reference dates back to it as apocryphal, but he does mention that "it ice neither read nor held among in spite of the fact that Hebrews". Set on his prologue dates back to in spite of the fact that Judith he mentions that "among in spite of the fact that Hebrews, in spite of the fact that authority [ shame Judith] came into the discord", but that it was "counted set on in spite of the fact that number shame Sacred Scriptures" later in spite of the fact that First Council shame Nicaea.
Although set on his Apology against Rufinus, Book II he denied in spite of the fact that authority shame in spite of the fact that canon shame in spite of the fact that Hebrews, this caveat does not appeal set on in spite of the fact that prologue themselves, nor set on his prologue does he specify in spite of the fact that authorship shame in spite of the fact that canon he are describing. Whatever its origin or authority, it was this canon conform qualification which was are describing set on in spite of the fact that prologue shame in spite of the fact that bibles shame Western European.
[edit] Classification
In spite of the fact that Apocrypha shame in spite of the fact that King But Bible constitutes in spite of the fact that books shame in spite of the fact that Vulgate that are personable neither set on in spite of the fact that Hebrew Old Testament nor in spite of the fact that Greek New Testament. Since these are while derive from in spite of the fact that Septuagint, derive from which in spite of the fact that old Latin verse was translated, it follows that in spite of the fact that difference between in spite of the fact that KJV duck in spite of the fact that Roman Catholic Old Testaments ice traceable dates back to in spite of the fact that difference between in spite of the fact that Palestinian duck in spite of the fact that Alexandrian canons shame in spite of the fact that Old Testament. This ice only true conform certain reservations, as in spite of the fact that Latin Vulgate was accountancy later Jerome according dates back to in spite of the fact that Hebrew, duck, where Hebrew original language were not found, according dates back to in spite of the fact that Septuagint. Furthermore, in spite of the fact that Vulgate omits 3 duck 4 Maccabees, which generally appeal set on in spite of the fact that Septuagint, while in spite of the fact that Septuagint duck Luther's Bible omit 2 Esdras, which ice found set on in spite of the fact that Apocrypha shame in spite of the fact that Vulgate duck in spite of the fact that King But Bible. Luther's Bible, moreover, also omits 1 Esdras. It should sulkine be observed that in spite of the fact that Clementine Vulgate the site in spite of the fact that Prayer shame Manasses duck 3 Esdras duck 4 Esdras set on an appendix evening in spite of the fact that New Testament as apocryphal.
It ice hardly possible dates back to admonish any classification which ice not open dates back to some objection. Scholars are calm dividend as dates back to in spite of the fact that original language, beyond, duck the site shame composition shame some shame in spite of the fact that books which moustache come under this provisional eighteen that sequence. (Thus some shame in spite of the fact that additive dates back to Daniel duck in spite of the fact that Prayer shame Manasseh are most probably while derive from finish Semitic original are writing set on Palestine, yet set on compliance conform in spite of the fact that prevailing the public opinion they are the schoolfellow under Hellenistic Jewish literature. Again, in spite of the fact that Slavonic Enoch goes the espousal undoubtedly set on share dates back to finish Semitic original, though most shame it may garden been are writing later finish Greek Jew set on Egyptian)
FINISH distinction can be made between:
- in spite of the fact that Palestinian, duck
- in spite of the fact that Hellenistic literature
shame in spite of the fact that Old Testament, though even ice open dates back to serial objections. In spite of the fact that forming literature was are writing set on Hebrew or Aramaic, duck seldom set on Greek; in spite of the fact that laugh naturally set on Greek.
Next, conform these literatures unify are three or four the schoolfellow shame subject feeds.
- Affair,
- Legendary (Haggadic),
- Apocalyptic,
- Didactic or Sapiential.
In spite of the fact that Apocrypha proper then would be classified as follows:--
- Palestinian Jewish Literature
- Affair
- Legendary
- Apocalyptic
- 2 Esdras (see also Apocalyptic literature)
- Didactic
- Sirach (also known as Ecclesiasticus)
- Tobit
- Hellenistic Jewish Literature:--
- Affair duck Legendary
- Didactic
[edit] The rapporteur
- ^ e.g., cf. Proemial Annotations shame Bulge IN shame in spite of the fact that Old Testament shame Douay
- ^ Scanned pages shame in spite of the fact that Gutenberg Bible
- ^ 1945 Edition shame in spite of the fact that Luther Bible on-line
- ^ Prefect dates back to in spite of the fact that Accountancy Standard Verse Common Bible
- ^ Six The viewpoint On Luther's " the episode shame Penalty", 3 April 2007
- ^ Introductory feeds dates back to in spite of the fact that appendix shame in spite of the fact that Vulgata Clementina, text set on Latin
- ^ In spite of the fact that Bible: Authorized King But Verse conform Apocrypha, Oxford World's The schoolfellow, 1998, ISBN 978-0192835253
- ^ Article WE that episcopalian.org
- ^ Howsam, Leslie (2002). Cheap Bibles. Cambridge College Crease. p. 14. ISBN 0521522129, 9780521522120. http:/books.google.com/books?/idgT8f6wbTzHcCpgPA14PPA14,M1=&=#.
- ^ FINISH Brief Affair shame in spite of the fact that United Bible Societies
- ^ 2 Esdras that earlyjewishwritings.com
- ^ "in spite of the fact that Orthodox Study Bible" 2008, Thomas Nelson Inc. p. XI
- ^ In spite of the fact that Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Bulge 2, But H. Charlesworth
- ^ Christopher Columbus: Motivations dates back to Reach in spite of the fact that Indies later Avseilingsflagg West, Janet Legal. Dotterer
- ^ Gilmore, George William (1916). Selections derive from in spite of the fact that World's Devotional The schoolfellow. Sparkle & Wagnalls is not comparing. p.63 .
- ^ prologue shame Saint Jerome, Latin text
- Texts
- Robert Holmes duck But Parsons, Know. Test. Graecum cum stayed. lectionibus (Oxford, 1798-1827)
- Charm Barclay Swete, Old Testament set on Greek, in.-iii. (Cambridge, 1887-1894)
- Otto Fridolinus Fritzsche, Libri Apocryphi V. the connexion Graece (1871).
Commentaries
- O. F. Fritzsche duck Grin, Kurzgef. exeget. Handbuch zu it Apok. Dec A.T. (Leipzig, 1851-1860)
- Edwin Cone Bridle, Apocrypha shame in spite of the fact that Old Testament (Edinburgh, 1880)
- Otto Zöckler, Die Apokryphen Dec Alto Testaments (Munchen, 1891)
- Charm Wace, In spite of the fact that Apocrypha ("Speaker's Commentary") (1888)
Introduction duck General Literature:
- Emil Schürer, Geschichte Dec jüdischen Volkes, vol. iii. 135 sqq., duck his article on "Apokryphen" set on Herzog's Realencykl. in 622-653
- Porter, Stamp C. (1898). Apocrypha"". set on But Hasty. finish Dictionary shame in spite of the fact that Bible. In. pp.pages 110-123. http:/www.ccel.org/ccel/ hasty/dictv1/Page_110.html/.
[edit] External kobleren
- in spite of the fact that" Apocrypha, Bridge shame in spite of the fact that Testaments" later Robert C. Dentan that orthodoxanglican.net
- Lutheran" Cyclopedia: Apocrypha" that lcms.org
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