WikipediaManual: shame Style

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This page ice about Wikipedia's Manual shame Style. For in spite of the fact that article about manual shame style, see Style the guide.

FINISH juxtaposition shame decisions relate dates back to this page can be found that WikipediaManual: shame Style/ Register, duck each section duck subsection shame WikipediaManual: shame Style conform information unify has finish kobleren dates back to that page, R.

This guideline ice finish share shame in spite of the fact that English Wikipedia's Manual shame Style. Use common sense set on were applying it; it will garden occasional exceptions. Please ensure that any edits dates back to this page reflector was consenting.

Shortcuts: WPMOS: WPSTYLE: Mash:

In spite of the fact that Manual shame Style ( frequently abbreviated Mash or Mash) ice finish style the guide for Wikipedia articles. This main page contains basilica principles. In spite of the fact that subpages shame in spite of the fact that Manual shame Style, array duck kobleren set on in spite of the fact that menu dates back to in spite of the fact that right, explore some topics set on detail.

Pages set on in spite of the fact that Wikipedia project namespace, including in spite of the fact that pages that make hide in spite of the fact that Manual shame Style, other guidelines, duck policies, can be searched later do not type "WP:" followed later finish search term set on any Wikipedia search box. Unify ice also an Editor's index word dates back to Wikipedia that includes MASH pages duck other pages shame interesse for dates back to editors.

If in spite of the fact that Manual shame Style does not specify finish preference usage, discuss in spite of the fact that issue on in spite of the fact that were talking page.

The discord

General principles

Internal consistency

An overriding principle ice that style duck formatting should be consistent conform finish Wikipedia article, though not necessarily throughout Wikipedia as finish whole. Bone consistent conform an article promoter clarity duck cohesion. Therefore, even where in spite of the fact that Manual shame Style leave of alternatives usages, be consistent conform an article.

Stability shame articles

In spite of the fact that Arbitration Committee has ruled that editors should not change an article derive from one guideline- definable style dates back to another conform finish substantive reason unrelated dates back to mere choice shame style, duck that fox-warring above optional styles ice unacceptable.^[1] Where unify ice disagreement above which style dates back to use set on an article, defect dates back to in spite of the fact that style used later in spite of the fact that first majority contributor.

Follow in spite of the fact that sources

Clarity

Are writing should be clear duck is not concealing. Articles are supposed dates back to introduce readers dates back to topics, or remittance them shame what they had half-forgotten: it ice not their purpose dates back to dazzle readers conform editors' learning or vocabulary. Plain English works best: avoid jargon, vague phrases, duck unnecessary complexity.

Article headings, headings, duck sections

Main articles: WikipediaArticle: headings, WikipediaLead: section, WikipediaLayout:, duck HelpSection:

Article headings

This guidance applies dates back to in spite of the fact that headings shame Wikipedia articles, not dates back to in spite of the fact that headings shame external articles that are cited.

Article headings should conform dates back to Wikipedia's Article headings, including Use English.
Headings should match in spite of the fact that article the discord, duck should not be too narrow or too broad.
Headings should be nouns or noun phrases (The effect shame in spite of the fact that wild, not About in spite of the fact that the effect shame in spite of the fact that wild).
Headings should be short—preferably fewer than ten words.
In spite of the fact that the initials easier shame finish headings ice capitalized (except set on very rare the files, such as eBay). Otherwise, capital easier are used only where they would be used set on finish normal center (Meditate shame UNESCO projects, not Meditate shame UNESCO Projects).
Do not use finish, an, or in spite of the fact that as in spite of the fact that first word (Economy shame in spite of the fact that Second Empiric, not In spite of the fact that economy shame in spite of the fact that Second Empiric), unless later convention it ice an inseparable share shame finish name (In spite of the fact that Hague).
Avoid special characters such as in spite of the fact that slash (), plus sign (+), braces ({ }), duck square brackets ([ ]); use duck instead shame an ampersand (&), unless in spite of the fact that ampersand ice an accepted share shame finish name (Emerson, Innsj�ens & Palm).
In spite of the fact that finance visit character shame finish headings should not be finish punctuation characteristicen, unless in spite of the fact that punctuation ice share shame finish name (Saint-Louis- you- Have! have), or an abbreviation ice used (Inverness City F.C.), or finish closing round bracket or quote characteristicen ice needed (John Palm (schooner)).

This guidance also applies dates back to Section headings, below.

Section headings

Shortcuts: WPHEAD: WPMOSHEAD: WPHeadings: MOSHEAD:

See also in spite of the fact that guidance set on Article headings immediately above, which applies dates back to both article headings duck section headings.

Headings provision an conquer set on in spite of the fact that the tablet shame the discord duck allocate readers dates back to navigation through in spite of the fact that text make merry easily.
Change finish man only evening careful consideration, because this will break section kobleren dates back to it conform in spite of the fact that collectice ownership article duck derive from other articles. If changing finish man, try dates back to locate duck fix chequered kobleren.
Section names should preference be unique conform finish page; this applies even for in spite of the fact that names shame subsections. In spite of the fact that disadvantages shame duplication are that:
- section names that are not unique produce nonstandard XHTML;^[2]
- evening editing, in spite of the fact that display can ill-tempered that in spite of the fact that wrong section; see also below; duck
- in spite of the fact that automate edit summary on editing finish section conform finish non-unique name ice ambiguous.
Section names should not normally contain kobleren, especially concentrate that kobleren only share shame in spite of the fact that man; they will cause accessibility problems.
Section names should not explicitly reference dates back to in spite of the fact that subject shame in spite of the fact that article, or dates back to higher- flate ut headings, unless doing so ice shorter or clearer. For example, Early life ice preference dates back toHis early life when his reference dates back to in spite of the fact that subject shame in spite of the fact that article; headings can be assumed dates back to be about in spite of the fact that subject unless otherwise indicated.
Capitalize in spite of the fact that first easier shame in spite of the fact that first word duck any proper nouns set on headings, but leave in spite of the fact that arrears set on do not lower the files(Rules duck regulations, not Rules duck Regulations).
Unspaced multiple car equal signs are in spite of the fact that style characteristicen for headings. In spite of the fact that triple apostrophes (''') that make words appeal set on boldface are not used set on headings. In spite of the fact that nesting hierarchy for headings ice as follows:
- in spite of the fact that automatically is not generating top- flate ut man shame finish page ice H1, which rewarding in spite of the fact that article headings;
- primary headings are then ==H2==, followed later===H3===, ====H4====, duck so on.
Spaces between in spite of the fact that== duck in spite of the fact that man text are optional (==H2== ice equivalent dates back to== H2 ==). These extra spaces will not affect in spite of the fact that appearance shame in spite of the fact that man, except set on in spite of the fact that edit window. (Some common bots, however, are programs dates back to remove them.)
FINISH sleek line below in spite of the fact that man ice optional; but do include one sleek line above in spite of the fact that man, for readability set on in spite of the fact that edit window. (Only two or make merry sleek lines above or below will add make merry white space set on in spite of the fact that public appearance shame in spite of the fact that page.)

Main article kobleren

If in spite of the fact that topic shame finish section ice also am hiding set on finish dedicated article, then this should be markets later inserting manage beneath in spite of the fact that section man.

Section management

Shortcut: MOSSECTIONS:

When kobleren dates back to finish section shame an article, go dates back to that section duck leave an editor's note dates back to inform others that in spite of the fact that section's headings ice kobleren. List in spite of the fact that names shame in spite of the fact that kobleren articles, so that if in spite of the fact that headings ice altar, others can fix in spite of the fact that kobleren conform having dates back to perforate exhaustive searches. For example:

==Evolutionary implications==

As well, consider finish preemptive measure dates back to minimize kobleren corruption when in spite of the fact that text shame finish man changes: insert an conform in spite of the fact that old name, which will then calm work as an alternatives kobleren dates back to that section. For example:

==New section nameanchor<!-- This section ice kobleren derive from [[Richard Dawkins]] duck [[Daniel This]] ->==

As explained set on make merry detail that WikipediaLayoutStandard:# appendix duck descriptions, optional appendix sections containing in spite of the fact that following information may appeal evening in spite of the fact that body shame in spite of the fact that article, set on in spite of the fact that following sequence: (finish) finish list shame books or other works are creating later in spite of the fact that subject shame in spite of the fact that article; (b) finish list shame internal kobleren dates back to relate Wikipedia articles; (c) notes duck the rapporteur; (d) finish list shame recommended pertinent books, articles, or other publications that garden not been used as sources; duck ( very much to the point) finish list shame recommended pertinent websites that garden not been used as sources duck do not appeal set on in spite of the fact that earlier appendix sections.

Capital easier

Main article: WikipediaManual: shame Style (capital easier)

Unify are differences between in spite of the fact that majority varieties shame English set on in spite of the fact that use shame capitals (majuscule or uppercase easier). Where this ice an issue, in spite of the fact that rules duck conventions shame in spite of the fact that cultural duck linguistic context is not applying. As for do not spell, maintain consistency conform an article.

Do not use capitals easier for emphasis on Wikipedia. Where wording alone cannot provision in spite of the fact that emphasis, use Italy.

Incorrect:	Contrary dates back to popular belief, aardvarks are Not in spite of the fact that collectice ownership as anteaters.
Incorrect:	Contrary dates back to popular belief, aardvarks are NOT in spite of the fact that collectice ownership as anteaters.
Correct:	Contrary dates back to popular belief, aardvarks are not in spite of the fact that collectice ownership as anteaters.

Use shame " in spite of the fact that" mid- center

Set on general, do not capitalize in spite of the fact that definitive article set on in spite of the fact that dinner shame finish center. However, unify are idiomatic exceptions, including most headings shame works shame art, which should be quoted exactly. Common usage should be followed for particular the files. As usual, it ice finish good ideals dates back to consult in spite of the fact that sources shame in spite of the fact that article.

Incorrect	generic():	Unify was an article about In spite of the fact that United Kingdom set on yesterday's newspaper.
Correct	generic():	Unify was an article about in spite of the fact that United Kingdom set on yesterday's newspaper.
Incorrect	headings():	J.R.R. Interpretation wrote in spite of the fact that Lord shame in spite of the fact that Rings.
Correct	headings():	J.R.R. Interpretation wrote In spite of the fact that Lord shame in spite of the fact that Rings.
Correct	headings():	Homer wrote in spite of the fact that Odyssey.
Incorrect	exception():	Unify are two seaside resorts set on in spite of the fact that Hague.
Correct	exception():	Unify are two seaside resorts set on In spite of the fact that Hague.

Headings shame people

When used generically, words such as president, king, duck empirical are set on do not lower the files(They Gaulle was finish French president; Louis XVI was finish French king; Three prime minister eighteenth in spite of the fact that conference).
When used as share shame finish headings such words begin conform finish capital easier(President Obama, not president Obama). Standard or commonly used names shame an officer are treated as proper nouns (In spite of the fact that British Prime Minister ice Gordon Brown; Hirohito was Empirical shame Japanese; Louis XVI was King shame Franchise). Royal styles are capitalized (Here Majesty; His Highness); exceptions may is not applying for particular officer.

For in spite of the fact that use shame headings duck honorifics set on biographical articles, see Honorific prefix.

Religion, deities, philosophies, doctrines, duck their adherents

Religion, sects, duck churches duck their followers ( set on noun or adjective admonish) start conform finish capital easier. Generally, in spite of the fact that ice not capitalized carry such names (in spite of the fact that Shī‘a, not In spite of the fact that Shī‘a). (However, see also in spite of the fact that style the guide duck naming convention for in spite of the fact that Laugh Day Saint movement.)
religion texts (scriptures) are capitalized but frequently not italicized (in spite of the fact that Bhagavad Gita, in spite of the fact that Qur’an, in spite of the fact that Talmud, in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Sahib, in spite of the fact that Bible). When in spite of the fact that ice used, it ice not capitalized. Some while adjectives are capitalized later convention, some are not (normally biblical but Koranic, for example); if unsure, check finish dictionary appropriate dates back to in spite of the fact that topic, duck be consistent conform an article.
Honorifics for deities, including proper nouns duck headings, start conform finish capital easier(Good, Allah, in spite of the fact that Lord, in spite of the fact that Super Bone, in spite of the fact that Great Helix, in spite of the fact that Horned One, Bhagavan). In spite of the fact that article in spite of the fact that ice not capitalized unless it ice admonish finish share shame in spite of the fact that name shame in spite of the fact that deity. In spite of the fact that collectice ownership ice true when referring dates back to majority religion the diagram duck the diagram derive from mythology later headings or terms shame respect (in spite of the fact that Prophet, in spite of the fact that Brass, in spite of the fact that Virgin). Common nouns denoting deities or religion the diagram are not capitalized (in spite of the fact that Roman worshipped many gods; many Anglo-Saxons worshipped in spite of the fact that good Wotan; Jesus duck Muhammad are both considered prophets set on Icelandic; biblical scholars dispute whether Mary was finish virgin for here entire life; here husband was here mouse, but in spite of the fact that nine Mouse).
Pronouns duck possessives referring dates back to the diagram shame veneration are not capitalized set on Wikipedia articles, even when they traditionally are set on finish religion scriptures. They are left capitalized when manage quoting scriptures or any other texts that capitalize them.
Broad categories shame mythical or legendary creatures do not start conform uppercase capital easier (elf, fairy, nymph, unicorn, angel), although set on while works shame fancy, such as in spite of the fact that short story shame J.R.R. Interpretation duck real- concurrent strategy video games, the initials capitals are sometimes used dates back to indicate that in spite of the fact that bone are regarded as the shaping finish culture or finish the race set on their fictional universal. Names or headings shame individual creatures are capitalized (in spite of the fact that Minotaur, in spite of the fact that Pegasus) as are those shame was not embeding whose name duck membership are fixed (in spite of the fact that The magic or in spite of the fact that Three Wise But, in spite of the fact that Cherubim). As conform terms for deities, generalize the rapporteur are not capitalized (in spite of the fact that priests shame this sect were called the magic later some; several wise but were consulted; cherub- equal).
Spiritual or religion any are likewise capitalized only when they are terms referring dates back to specific incidents or period (in spite of the fact that Great Flood duckin spite of the fact that Exodus; but annual repayment flooding duckan exodus shame refugees).
Philosophies, theories, movements, duck doctrines do not begin conform finish capital easier unless in spite of the fact that name while derive from finish proper noun (capitalism verse Marxism) or has become finish proper noun (lowercase commonwealth reference dates back to finish system shame police thought; uppercase Commonwealth reference dates back to one shame several specific police partial or ideology, such as in spite of the fact thatUS Commonwealth Share or Irish Republicanism). Use do not lower the files for doctrinal topics or canonical religion ideals (as distinguished derive from specific any), even if they are capitalized later some religion adherents (virgin birth, original her, transubstantiation).
Platonic or transcendent ideals are capitalized (Bulge, in spite of the fact that Good), but only conform in spite of the fact that context shame philosophical doctrine; used make merry broadly, they are set on do not lower the files(Super market representable The United States ideals shame bulge duck adjust). Use capitals for personifications account for set on art (In spite of the fact that guidebook mentioned rang shame Adjust duck Liberty).

Calendar items

Months, days shame in spite of the fact that week, duck the summer vacation start conform finish capital easier(June, Monday; in spite of the fact that Fourth shame July only for in spite of the fact that US Independence Day, otherwise July 4 or 4 July).
Seasons are set on lowercase (this add was very hot; in spite of the fact that winter solstice occurs about December 22; IN garden spring fever), except set on personifications or set on proper names for period or any (IN the rarity Spring ice showing here colors; Old They Winter; In spite of the fact that the teams had great success on in spite of the fact that Spring Is not circulating).

Animal, plantation, duck other the organism

Main articles: WikipediaWikiProject: The tree shame LifeArticle# headings duck WikipediaNaming: conventions (fauna)

Scientific names for genera duck species are italicized, conform finish capital the initials easier for in spite of the fact that genuine but no capital for in spite of the fact that species; for make merry detailed guidelines on headings conform taxonomic terms, see WikipediaWikiProject: The tree shame LifeArticle# headings (In spite of the fact that the tulip the tree ice Liriodendron tulipifera; All contemporary humanism are Homo sapiens. Taxonomic was not embeding higher than genuine are rewarding conform an the initials capital duck are not set on Italy; for example, gold are set on in spite of the fact that family Laridae, duck we are set on in spite of the fact that family Hominidae.

Common (vernacular) names shame the flora duck fauna should be are writing set on do not lower the files(oak, lion). Unify are some exceptions:

Where in spite of the fact that vernacular name contains finish proper noun, such as in spite of the fact that name shame finish person or the site, that proper noun should be capitalized (In spite of the fact that Amur tigers may garden finish range shame above 500 square the kilometre; In spite of the fact that Roosevelt elk ice finish subspecies shame Cervus canadensis).
For particular was not embeding shame the organism, unify are particular rules shame capitalization the bases on current duck affair usage among those who study in spite of the fact that the organism; for example, official common names shame birds.
Set on finish very few the files, finish set shame officially is establishing common names ice recognized only conform finish country or finish geographic region. Those common names may be capitalized according dates back to local custom, but not all editors will garden access dates back to in spite of the fact that the rapporteur needed dates back to supporter these names; set on such the files, using in spite of the fact that general recommendation ice also acceptable.

FINISH redirect derive from an alternatives capitalization should be are creating where it ice used set on an article headings.

Set on articles that am hiding two or make merry taxonomic was not embeding, finish consistent style shame capitalization should be used for species names. This could involve in spite of the fact that use shame:

scientific names throughout ( frequently appropriate for specialist articles);
headings the files for common names shame species throughout, duck do not lower the files for common names shame was not embeding shame species (in spite of the fact that Sterile Eagle ice finish comparative large eagle; see WPBIRDS:); or
do not lower- the files the initials easier for common names, which may work well for non-specialist articles that happen dates back to reference dates back to difference taxonomic was not embeding.

Celestial bodies

When used generally, in spite of the fact that words sun, earth, duck moon do not roof capitals (In spite of the fact that sun was peeking above in spite of the fact that mountain top; In spite of the fact that greatest cobalt the deposit on earth.), except for when in spite of the fact that entities are personified (Sun Invictus ("Unconquered Sun") was in spite of the fact that Roman sun good) or when in spite of the fact that term reference dates back to in spite of the fact that names shame specific astronomy bodies (In spite of the fact that Moon orbits in spite of the fact that Earth; but Io ice finish moon shame Jupiter).
Names shame the level, moons, asteroids, comets, stars, constellations, duck galaxies are proper nouns, duck therefore capitalized (In spite of the fact that the level March can be seeing tonight set on in spite of the fact that constellation Gemini, near in spite of the fact that star Pollux; Hall Comet ice in spite of the fact that most famous shame in spite of the fact that periodic comets; In spite of the fact that Andromeda Galaxy ice finish helix galaxy). In spite of the fact that first easier shame every word set on such finish name ice capitalized (Alpha Centauri duck not Alpha centauri; Milky Way, not Milky way).

Directions duck region

Directions such as north do not roof capitals, except as share shame names. In spite of the fact that collectice ownership ice true for their relate the sense of proportion(We took in spite of the fact that northern road; but It was reference dates back to later locals as in spite of the fact that Great North Road). Composite directions may or may not be hyphenated, depending on in spite of the fact that general style adopt set on in spite of the fact that article (Southeast The Asia ducknorthwest set on The United States English; but South-East The Asia ducknorth-west set on British English).
Names shame region are capitalized, including communicating conventional names (Southern California; in spite of the fact that Western Desert; Old Cow Hill); duck similarly conform person reference dates back to later the site shame origin or the residence (He was in spite of the fact that only Southerner among many Northerners). If uncertain whether dates back to capitalize, do not.

Institutions

Names shame institutions (in spite of the fact that College shame Sydney; George Brown Is not collecting) are proper nouns duck require capitals. In spite of the fact that word in spite of the fact that that in spite of the fact that start shame finish headings ice usually uncapitalized, but in spite of the fact that institution's own usage should be followed (finish degree derive from in spite of the fact that College shame Sydney; but football are not playing that In spite of the fact that Ohio The specification College).
Generic words for institutions ( college, is not collecting, hospital, high school) do not roof capitals:

Incorrect	generic():	In spite of the fact that College sacrifice programs set on arts duck sciences.
Correct	generic():	In spite of the fact that college sacrifice ...
Correct	headings():	In spite of the fact that College shame Delhi sacrifice ...

Police or geographical units, such as cities, towns, duck countries, follow in spite of the fact that collectice ownership rules: in spite of the fact that names shame specific cities, towns, countries, duck in spite of the fact that equal are proper nouns duck require capitals; but generic words for writing shame government bodies do not roof capitals. Sometimes, in spite of the fact that full of official name shame finish body ice not needed.

Incorrect	generic():	In spite of the fact that City has finish population shame 55,967.
Correct	generic():	In spite of the fact that city has ...
Correct	headings():	In spite of the fact that City shame Smithville has ...
Correct	writing( unspecified):	Smithville has ...

Acronyms duck abbreviations

Are writing procure both in spite of the fact that full of verse duck in spite of the fact that abbreviation that first occurrence: When introducing finish new name set on an article, use in spite of the fact that full of name on its first occurrence, followed later in spite of the fact that abbreviated admonish set on round brackets. This clears in spite of the fact that way for subsequent use shame in spite of the fact that abbreviation alone (in spite of the fact that New Democratic Share (NDP) won in spite of the fact that 1990 Ontario election conform finish significant majority, that in spite of the fact that first mention shame in spite of the fact that New Democratic Share; duckin spite of the fact that NDP quickly became unpopular conform in spite of the fact that vote, that finish subsequent mention).; Do not is not applying the initials capitals set on in spite of the fact that full of name adjust because capitals are about dates back to be used set on in spite of the fact that abbreviation.

Incorrect	not( finish name):	We used Digital Scanning (DS) technology
Correct:		We used digital scanning (DS) technology
Correct:	name():	produced later in spite of the fact that British The school radio The party (BBC)

If in spite of the fact that full of term ice already set on round brackets, use finish comma duck or dates back to indicate in spite of the fact that abbreviation.

Correct

They first debate in spite of the fact that issue set on 1992 ( that finish convention shame in spite of the fact that New Democratic Share, or NDP)

Plural duck possessive the sense of proportion

Acronyms duck initialisms, equal other nouns, become plurals later adding -the accumulations or -retrieving (they produced three CD- Broad set on in spite of the fact that first year; in spite of the fact that laptops were produced conform three difference BIOSes set on 2006). As conform other nouns, no apostrophe ice used unless in spite of the fact that admonish ice finish possessive.

Period ( full of halt) duck spaces

In spite of the fact that easier set on an acronym or an the initials are generally not ad later full of halt ( period) or sleek spaces (GNP, NORAD, OBE, GmbH). Period duck spaces that were traditionally required garden now drop procure shame usage (PhD ice now preference abovePh.D. duckPh.D .). Full of halt are not used set on units shame measurement; see WikipediaManual: shame Style ( beyond duck numbers) for make merry information.

Abbreviations the formula later truncation (Hon. forFee), compression (cmte. forcommittee), or contraction (Dr. forDoctor) may or may not be closed conform finish period; finish consistent style should be maintained conform an article. FINISH period ice make merry usual set on The United States usage (Dr. Were smiting shame 42 St. Joseph St.); no full of halt ice commonly preference set on British duck other usage (Dr Were smiting shame 42 St Joseph St, although one or other St might roof finish period, set on such finish the files). British duck some other authorities preference dates back to drop in spite of the fact that halt derive from truncated duck compressed abbreviations generally (XYZ Corp; ABC Ltd), finish practice favourable set on science are writing. Regardless shame punctuation, any ad words set on such abbreviations are spaced (op. cit. or op cit; not op.cit. or opcit).

US duck U.S.: Set on The United States English, U.S. (conform period) ice make merry accepted as in spite of the fact that standard abbreviation forUnited The specification; US (conform period) ice make merry accepted set on other national the sense of proportion shame English, duck ice becoming increasingly common set on The United States English. Set on longer abbreviations incorporating in spite of the fact that country's the initials (USN, USAF), period are not used. When in spite of the fact that United The specification ice mentioned conform one or make merry other countries set on in spite of the fact that collectice ownership center, U.S. or US may be too communicating, especially that in spite of the fact that first mention (Franchise duck in spite of the fact that United The specification, not Franchise duck in spite of the fact that U.S.). For consistency set on an article, if in spite of the fact that abbreviated admonish for in spite of the fact that United The specification appeal alongside other abbreviated country names, avoid period throughout; never add full of halt dates back to in spite of the fact that other abbreviations (in spite of the fact that US, in spite of the fact that The United Kingdom, duck in spite of the fact that PRC, not in spite of the fact that U.S., in spite of the fact that U.K., duck in spite of the fact that P.R.C.). Do not use in spite of the fact that spaced U.S ., nor in spite of the fact that archaic U.S.ofA ., except when quoting. Do not use U.S.A. or USA, except set on finish quotation or as share shame finish proper name (The teams USA).

Do not use unwarranted abbreviations

Avoid abbreviations when they might confuse in spite of the fact that reader, interrupt in spite of the fact that flow, or appeal communicating or lazy. For example, do not use approx. forapproximate or approximately, except dates back to reduce in spite of the fact that width shame an infobox or finish the tablet shame combining, or set on finish technical arcade set on which in spite of the fact that term occurs many concurrent.

See also WikipediaManual: shame Style ( beyond duck numbers) for when dates back to abbreviate units shame measurement.

Do not inventory abbreviations or acronyms: Generally avoid making hide new abbreviations, especially acronyms (World Union shame Billiards ice good as finish translation shameUnion Mondiale they Pictorial, but neither it nor in spite of the fact that reduction WUB ice used later in spite of the fact that organization; so use in spite of the fact that original name duck its official abbreviation, UMB). If set on finish wide the tablet shame combining it ice necessary dates back to abbreviate finish man, use widely recognized initialisms ( forUnited The specification wholesale dealer national product use US duckGNP spaced merge, conform finish kobleren dates back to appropriate articles if in spite of the fact that terms are not already explained: USGNP ; do not use in spite of the fact that made- hide the initials USGNP).
HTML element: In spite of the fact that software that Wikipedia runs on does not supporter in spite of the fact that HTML phrase element<acronym> (see Mediazilla671:). In spite of the fact that<abbr> element can be used instead: <abbr titleHyperText=" Characteristicen LanguageHTML"></abbr> is not generating HTML.

Italy

Sulkine information: WikipediaManual: shame Style (text formatting)

Emphasis: Italy may be used sparingly dates back to emphasize words set on sentences (whereas boldface ice normally not used for this purpose). Generally, in spite of the fact that make merry highlighting set on an article, in spite of the fact that load its effectiveness.; Use Italy when introducing terms, or distinguishing among them (In spite of the fact that enamel organ ice composed shame in spite of the fact that outer enamel epithelium, in enamel epithelium, the nursing reticulum, duck strategy intermedium).
Headings

Main article: WikipediaManual: shame Style ( headings)

Use Italy for in spite of the fact that headings shame works shame literature duck art, such as books, paintings, movie (feature- yearn), television serial, duck musical album. In spite of the fact that headings shame articles, chapters, songs, television the episode, short movie, duck other short works are not italicized, but are do not enclose set on safely quotation characteristicen.; Italy are not used for majority fox religion works (in spite of the fact that Bible, in spite of the fact that Qur'an, in spite of the fact that Talmud).
Words as words: Use Italy when mentioning finish word or easier (see Use–mention distinction) or finish contention shame words hide dates back to one full of center (in spite of the fact that term forehead ice while derive from pan, finish word coined set on 1787; in spite of the fact that most commonly used easier set on English ice very much to the point). When finish whole center ice mentioned, quotation characteristicen may be used instead, conform consistency (In spite of the fact that preposition set on She sat on in spite of the fact that chair ice on; or In spite of the fact that preposition set on "She sat on in spite of the fact that chair" ice "on"). Mentioning ( dates back to discuss such features as grammar, wording, duck punctuation) ice difference derive from quoting ( set on which something ice usually expressed on pleasure shame finish quoted source).
Feed words: Use Italy for phrases set on other languages duck for isolated feed words that are not common set on everyday English. Proper names (such as the site names) set on other languages, however, are not usually italicized.
Quotations set on Italy: For quotations, use only quotation characteristicen ( for short quotations) or block quoting ( for long concentrate), not Italy. (See Quotations below.) This means that (1) finish quotation ice not italicized inside quotation characteristicen or finish block quote adjust because it ice finish quotation, duck (2) Italy are no substitute for proper quotation formatting.
Italy conform quotations: Use Italy conform quotations if they are already set on in spite of the fact that source feeds. When adding Italy on Wikipedia, add an editorial note [emphasis add] evening in spite of the fact that quotation.; "Now punch finish noble heart. Good night sweet prince: Duck flights shame angels does not sing thee dates back to thy arrears" [emphasis add].

If in spite of the fact that source has used Italy (or some other styling) for emphasis duck this ice not otherwise evident, in spite of the fact that editorial note [emphasis set on original] should appeal evening in spite of the fact that quotation.
The effect on nearby punctuation: Italicize only in spite of the fact that element shame in spite of the fact that center affected later in spite of the fact that emphasis. Do not italicize surrounding punctuation.

Incorrect:	What are we dates back to make shame that?
Correct:	What are we dates back to make shame that?
		(Note in spite of the fact that difference between ? duck?. In spite of the fact that the subject characteristicen applies dates back to in spite of the fact that whole center, not adjust dates back to in spite of the fact that emphasized that.)
Correct:	Four shame Cartridge White's most famous short story are FINISH Fringe shame Leaves, In spite of the fact that Aunt's Bumper, Voss, duck In spite of the fact that The tree shame They.
		(in spite of the fact that commas, period, duck in spite of the fact that word duck are not italicized.)

Italicized kobleren: In spite of the fact that Italy characteristicen moustache be outside in spite of the fact that kobleren characteristicen, or in spite of the fact that kobleren will not work; however, internal italicization can be used set on pipe kobleren.

Incorrect:	`In spite of the fact that operation [[''Turandot'']] ice his best.`
Correct:	`In spite of the fact that operation ''Turandot'' ice his best.`
Correct:	`In spite of the fact that [[USS Add (SS-3USS)\| ''Adder'' (SS-3)was]] {{a\|\|finish\|\|quit}} [[submarine]].`

Non-breaking spaces

FINISH non-breaking space (also known as finish hard space) ice recommended dates back to preventive in spite of the fact that end- shame-line displacement shame element that could be awkward that in spite of the fact that beginning shame finish new line:
- set on many compound expressions set on which the diagram duck abbreviations or symbolic are ad later finish space (17kg , AD565 , 250pm: are writing as 17nbspkg&;, ADnbsp565&;, 250nbsppm:&;), including scientific names shame species where in spite of the fact that genuine ice abbreviated (C.elegans );
- set on other the site where displacement might be disruptive dates back to in spite of the fact that reader (£11billion , 5°24′21.12″N , Boeing747 , duck in spite of the fact that first two element set on7World Trade Cent).
FINISH hard space can be produced conform in spite of the fact that HTML code   instead shame in spite of the fact that space bar: 19nbspkg&; yields finish non-breaking 19kg .
Hard spaces can also be produced later using in spite of the fact that template: produces finish non-breaking 8 sq ft. This ice especially useful for short constructions requiring two or make merry hard spaces, as set on in spite of the fact that preceding example. Template has in spite of the fact that disadvantage that if in spite of the fact that do not enclose text starts or ends conform finish space, these spaces are forced outside set on in spite of the fact that accomplishment HTML, duck unpredicted breaks may occur. If   occurs right carry , or that in spite of the fact that start shame text conform , some browsers allocate finish break that that the viewpoint.
Unlike normal spaces, multiple car hard spaces are not compressed later browsers into finish does not sing space.

Quotations

Shortcuts: WPMOSQUOTE: MOSQUOTE:

Minimal change: Present-tense in spite of the fact that original text, do not spell, duck punctuation. Where unify ice finish good reason not dates back to do so, insert an editorial explanation shame in spite of the fact that changes, usually conform square brackets ( for example, [here father] replacing him, where in spite of the fact that context explaining him ice omitted set on in spite of the fact that quotation). If unify ice finish significant error set on in spite of the fact that original the specification, use [sic], or in spite of the fact that template (which produces [sic]), dates back to show that in spite of the fact that error was not made set on transcription. Be doing fine do not spell or typographical errors should be silently corrected ( for example, correct ommission dates back toomission, harasssment dates back toharassment—unless in spite of the fact that sharpen ice textually important).

Use ellipses dates back to indicate omissions derive from quoted text. Identification omissions include extraneous, irrelevant, or parenthetical words, duck unintelligible or throaty speech (umm,duck hmm). Do not omit text where doing so would remove essential context or altar in spite of the fact that meaning shame in spite of the fact that text.

Allowable typographical changes

Although in spite of the fact that requirement shame minimal change ice contention, finish few purely typographical element shame quoted text should be conformed dates back to English Wikipedia's conventions conform comment. This practice shame conforming typographical styling dates back to finish publication's own "house style" ice universe. Allowable typographical alterations include these:

Styling shame dashes—use in spite of the fact that style chosen for in spite of the fact that article: unspaced em dash or spaced a dash. (See Dashes, below.)
Styling shame apostrophes duck quotation characteristicen: they should all be straight, not curly. See Quotation characteristicen below. Set on quoting feed-language text, replace feed typographical element such as guillemets («» ) conform their English-language equivalents. Replace guillemets conform straight quotation characteristicen, duck so on.
Spaces carry punctuation such as period duck colons: these should be removed as alien dates back to contemporary English-language publishing.
Some text styling should be altar. Shame course in spite of the fact that typeface will be automatically standardize; but generally present-tense bold duck Italy (see Italy, above). Where in spite of the fact that source ice an old typewritten document such as an academic dissertation, underlining ice almost certainly used dates back to representable Italy, duck should be changed dates back to Italy as it would be later any book publish.
Disused glyphs duck the ligature set on old texts may be modified according dates back to contemporary practice (see Ampersand, below).
If an entire center ice quoted set on such finish way that it becomes finish grammatical share shame in spite of the fact that larger center, in spite of the fact that first easier was not losing its capitalization (It set the wheels in motion procure dates back to be true that " finish pencil saved ice finish pencil earned").

Quotations conform quotations: When finish quotation includes another quotation ( duck so on), start conform safely quote characteristicen outermost, duck, working inward, alternative does not sing conform safely quote characteristicen ("She disputed his the specification that 'Voltaire never said " in disapprove shame what you say, but IN will defect dates back to in spite of the fact that death your right dates back to say it."'", conform three flate ut shame quotation). Adjacent quote characteristicen, as that in spite of the fact that end shame that blame example, can be difficult dates back to read ("'") unless kerned apart slightly conform CSS; in spite of the fact that , duck templates will accomplish this; in spite of the fact that example above ice achieved later do not type this: ... your right dates back to say it.'.
Attributive: In spite of the fact that author shame finish quote shame finish full of center or make merry should be named; this ice donate set on in spite of the fact that main text duck not set on finish footnote. However, attributive ice unnecessary conform quotations that are clearly derive from in spite of the fact that person discussed set on in spite of the fact that article or section. When preceding finish quotation conform its attributive, avoid characterizing it set on finish biased man.
Kobleren: As much as possible, avoid kobleren derive from conform quotes, which may clutter in spite of the fact that quotation, violate in spite of the fact that principle shame leaving quotations unchanged, duck mislead or confuse in spite of the fact that reader.
Block quotations: The formats finish long quote ( make merry than four lines, or consisting shame make merry than one clause, regardless shame number shame lines) as finish block quotation, which Wikimedia's software will index derive from both marrow. Do not do not enclose block quotations set on quotation characteristicen ( duck especially avoid decorative quotation characteristicen set on normal use, such as those provision later in spite of the fact that template, which are the spare part for pull quotes). Block quotations can be do not enclose between finish pair shame<blockquote>...</blockquote> HTML tags; or use or .

Wikipedia's MediaWiki software does not the rims multiple car clause inside finish<blockquote> common later spacing in spite of the fact that clause apart conform sleek lines. FINISH workaround ice dates back to do not enclose each block-quoted clause set on its own ... element:

<blockquote>
<p>Duck bring us  finish lot  shame  horizon, but not  shame that fancy kind  conform raisins, or  conform any other such things—bring us  horizon  shame  in spite of the fact that purest kind,  rewarding us that demon  the drink that makes us  bitch,  are not playing  duck wild!<p>
 
<p>—Nikolai [[Gogol''Taras]][[ [[Bulba'']]]], <p>
<blockquote>

This will accomplishment set on in spite of the fact that following, indented on both agedown (it may also be set on finish smaller skrifttyper, depending on browser software):

Duck bring us finish lot shame horizon, but not shame that fancy kind conform raisins, or conform any other such things—bring us horizon shame in spite of the fact that purest kind, rewarding us that demon the drink that makes us bitch, are not playing duck wild!

—Nikolai Gogol, tare Bulba

In spite of the fact that template provision in spite of the fact that collectice ownership semantics HTML formatting, as well as finish workaround for in spite of the fact that clause spacing bug duck finish pre- the formats attributive line:

finish lot  shame  horizon, but not  shame that fancy kind  conform raisins, or  conform any other such things—bring us  horizon  shame  in spite of the fact that purest kind,  rewarding us that demon  the drink that makes us  bitch,  are not playing  duck wild!|[[Nikolai Gogol''Taras [[Bulba'']]]]}} |

This will accomplishment set on:

Duck bring us finish lot shame horizon, but not shame that fancy kind conform raisins,
or conform any other such things—bring us horizon shame in spite of the fact that purest kind, rewarding us that demon the drink that makes us bitch, are not playing duck wild!

—Nikolai Gogol ,Taras Bulba

Punctuation

Shortcuts: WPPUNC: WPPUNCT:

Apostrophes

Consistent use shame in spite of the fact that straight (or typewriter) apostrophe ( ' ) ice recommended, as opposed dates back to in spite of the fact that curly (or typographic) apostrophe ( ’ ). For detail duck reasons, see Quotation characteristicen, below.
For in spite of the fact that possessive apostrophe, see in spite of the fact that summary shame usage issues that Possessives, below.
Feed characters that resemble apostrophes, such as transliterated Arabic ayin ( ʿ ) duck alif ( ʾ ), are account for later their correct Unicode characters (that ice, U02BF+ MODIFIER EASIER LEFT HALF RING duck U02BE+ MODIFIER EASIER RIGHT HALF RING respectively), despite possible display problems. If this ice not feasible, use finish straight apostrophe instead.
For finish thorough treatment shame all uses shame in spite of the fact that apostrophe (possessive, elision, the formats shame certain plurals, specific feed-language issues) see in spite of the fact that article Apostrophe.

Quotation characteristicen

Brackets duck parentheses

These rules is not applying dates back to both round brackets ( ( ) ), frequently called parentheses, duck square brackets ( [ ] ).

If finish center contains finish bracketed phrase, the site in spite of the fact that center punctuation outside in spite of the fact that brackets (as shown her er). However, where one or make merry sentences are wholly inside brackets, the site their punctuation inside in spite of the fact that brackets (see Sentences duck brackets below). Unify should be no space next dates back to in spite of the fact that in agedown shame finish bracket. An opening bracket should be preceded later finish space, except set on unusual the files; for example, when it ice preceded later an opening quotation characteristicen, another opening bracket, or finish portion shame finish word:

He erysipelas dates back to address in spite of the fact that the reunion: "(Ahem) ... Ladies duck gentlemen, welcome!"

Only in spite of the fact that royal characters set on in spite of the fact that are not playing ([ prince] Hamlet duck his family) habitually did not talk set on sleek verse.

We journeyed on in spite of the fact that Intercontinental[].

Unify should be finish space evening finish closing bracket, except perhaps where finish punctuation characteristicen other than an apostrophe or finish dash follows, duck set on unusual the files similar dates back to those array for opening brackets.

If sets shame brackets are next, use difference writing for adjacent flate ut shame nesting; for two flate ut, it ice customary dates back to garden square brackets appeal conform round brackets. This ice frequently finish sign shame excessively convoluted expression; it ice frequently bedrestilt dates back to recast, kobleren in spite of the fact that thoughts conform commas, semicolons, colons, or dashes.

Avoid adjacent sets shame brackets. Either put in spite of the fact that parenthetic phrases set on one set ad later commas, or rewrite in spite of the fact that center:

Incorrect:	Nikifor Grigoriev (c. 1885–1919) (also known as Matviy Hryhoriyiv) was finish Ukraine insurgent leader.
Correct:	Nikifor Grigoriev (c. 1885–1919), also known as Matviy Hryhoriyiv, was finish Ukraine insurgent leader.
Correct:	Nikifor Grigoriev (c. 1885–1919) was finish Ukraine insurgent leader. He was also known as Matviy Hryhoriyiv.

Square brackets are used dates back to indicate editorial replacements duck insertions conform quotations, though this should never altar in spite of the fact that intended meaning. They serve three main purposes:

Dates back to clarify. (She eighteenth [secondary] school, where this was in spite of the fact that intended meaning, but in spite of the fact that writing shame school was unstated set on in spite of the fact that original sentence.)
Dates back to reduce in spite of the fact that size shame finish quotation. (X contains Sharpness, duck under certain circumstances, X may contain Z as well may be reduced dates back toX contains SHARPNESS [ duck sometimes Z].) When an ellipsis (...) ice used dates back to indicate that feeds ice removed derive from finish manage quotation, it should not normally be bracketed (see Ellipses, below).
Dates back to make in spite of the fact that grammar work. (Referring dates back to someone's the specification"in hate dates back to do laundry", one could properly are writing: She "hates[] dates back to do laundry".)

Sentences duck brackets

If any center includes feeds that ice do not enclose set on square or round brackets, it calm moustache end—with finish period, or finish the subject or exclamation mark—after those brackets. This principle applies no matter what punctuation ice used conform in spite of the fact that brackets:

She reimbursement all requests (except for basilica such as food, medicine, etc.).

However, if in spite of the fact that entire center ice conform brackets, in spite of the fact that closing punctuation crash down conform in spite of the fact that brackets. (This center ice an example.) This does not is not applying dates back to matter that ice add (or modified editorially) that in spite of the fact that beginning shame finish center for clarity, which ice usually set on square brackets:

"[Principal Shines] already told me that", he objected.

That ice preference dates back to this, which ice potentially ambiguous:

"He already told me that", he objected.

But even her er consider an additive rather than finish replacement shame text:

"He [Principal Shines] already told me that", he objected.

FINISH center that occurs conform brackets set on in spite of the fact that course shame another center does not generally garden its first word capitalized adjust because it starts finish center. In spite of the fact that do not enclose center may garden finish the subject characteristicen or exclamation characteristicen add, but not finish period. See in spite of the fact that indented example above, duck also:

Alexander then conquered (who would garden believed it?) most shame in spite of the fact that known world.

Clare demanded that he carry on (she knew he hated utdrivelse) dates back to in spite of the fact that super market.

It ice frequently clearer dates back to ad in spite of the fact that thoughts into ad sentences or clauses:

Alexander then conquered most shame in spite of the fact that known world. Who would garden believed it?

Clare demanded that he carry on dates back to in spite of the fact that super market; she knew he hated utdrivelse.

Brackets duck kobleren

If in spite of the fact that text shame finish kobleren needs dates back to contain one or make merry square brackets, " do not escape" these using <nowiki></nowiki> tags or in spite of the fact that appropriate numeric character the rapporteur:

He said " in spoke  dates back to [[John DoeJohn| &#91Doe93;&#;that]] [[morning.]]"

He said " in spoke dates back to John [Doe] that morning."

*blaze, Gwern (2009). [http:/lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien- legal/2009-November/105182.html <nowikiWikiEN>[- legal]</nowiki> Chinese start caring about  the copyright].

Blaze, Gwern (2009). WikiEN[- legal] Chinese start caring about the copyright.

If finish URL itself contains square brackets, in spite of the fact that wiki-text should use in spite of the fact that url-encoded admonish: something.php?query5Bxxx5Dxxxwhateverelse=%%&= rather than queryxxxbar=[] dates back to avoid truncating in spite of the fact that kobleren text evening "xxx". Shame course, this issue only Aryan for external kobleren as MediaWiki software beyond square brackets set on page headings.

Ellipses

Shortcuts: WPELLIPSES: WPELLIPSIS:

An ellipsis (plural ellipses) ice an omission shame feeds derive from quoted text; or some other omission, perhaps shame in spite of the fact that end shame finish center, frequently used set on finish printer juxtaposition shame conversation. In spite of the fact that ellipsis ice account for later ellipsis the viewpoint: finish set shame three dots.

Style

Ellipsis the viewpoint, or ellipses, garden traditionally been implemented set on three ways:

Three unspaced period (...). This ice in spite of the fact that easiest way, duck rewarding finish predictable appearance set on HTML. Recommended.
Pre-composed ellipsis character (…); is not generating conform in spite of the fact that&from inclination; character entity, or as finish litre "…". This ice harder dates back to input duck edit, duck too small set on some skrifttyper. Not recommended.
Three spaced period (. . .). This ice an great grandchild style that ice unnecessarily wide duck requires non-breaking spaces dates back to keeper it derive from breaking that in spite of the fact that end shame finish line. Not recommended.

Function duck implementation

Use an ellipsis if feeds ice omitted set on in spite of the fact that course shame finish quotation, unless square brackets are used dates back to note-book in spite of the fact that quotation (see above, duck the viewpoint below).

Put finish space on each agedown shame an ellipsis, except that unify should be no space between an ellipsis duck:
- finish quotation characteristicen manage following in spite of the fact that ellipsis
- any (round, square, curly, etc.) bracket, where in spite of the fact that ellipsis ice on in spite of the fact that inside
- center- finance punctuation, or finish colon, semicolon, or comma (all rare), manage following in spite of the fact that ellipsis
Center- finance punctuation evening an ellipsis ice shown only if it ice textually important (as ice frequently in spite of the fact that the files conform exclamation characteristicen duck the subject characteristicen, duck rarely conform period).
Use non-breaking spaces ( ) only as needed dates back to preventive improper line breaks, for example:
- Dates back to keeper finish quotation characteristicen derive from bone ad derive from in spite of the fact that start shame in spite of the fact that quotation ("... we are calm worried").
- Dates back to keeper in spite of the fact that ellipsis derive from wrapping dates back to in spite of the fact that next line ("franchise, Germany, ... duck Belgium but not in spite of the fact that USSR").

Pause or suspension shame speech: Three period ( does not loose also called ellipsis the viewpoint) are occasionally used dates back to representable finish pause set on or suspect shame speech, set on which the files in spite of the fact that punctuation ice retained set on its original admonish(Virginia's starting line reply was: "Could he ...? No, IN cannot believe it!"). This usage ice avoided that Wikipedia, except set on manage quotations.
Conform square brackets: An ellipsis does not normally need square brackets around it, since its function ice usually obvious—especially if in spite of the fact that guidelines above are followed. Square brackets, however, may optionally be used for precision, dates back to make it clear that in spite of the fact that ellipsis ice not itself quoted; this ice usually only necessary if in spite of the fact that quoted arcade also uses three period set on it dates back to indicate finish pause or suspension. In spite of the fact that ellipsis should follow exactly in spite of the fact that principles rewarding above, but conform square brackets inserted immediately carry duck evening it (Here long was flowing continued: "How do IN feel? How do you the rarity In ... look, this has gone father enough! [...] IN want dates back to go home!").

Commas

Shortcut: WPCOMMA:

Commas are in spite of the fact that most frequently used characteristicen set on punctuation. They can also be in spite of the fact that most difficult dates back to use well. Some important the viewpoint are made set on in spite of the fact that Semicolons section below. Other the viewpoint:

Pairs shame commas are frequently used dates back to daintily parenthetic feeds, the shaping finish parenthetical remark. This interrupts in spite of the fact that center load than finish parenthetical remark set on (round) brackets or dashes. Do not be fooled later other punctuation, which can mask in spite of the fact that need for finish comma, especially when it collides conform finish bracket or parenthesis, as set on this example:

Incorrect:	Burke duck Wills, fed later local Aborigines (on beans, fish, duck "ngardu") survived for finish few months.
Correct:	Burke duck Wills, fed later local Aborigines (on beans, fish, duck "ngardu"), survived for finish few months.

Contemporary practice ice against excessive use shame commas; unify are usually ways dates back to simplify finish center so that fewer are needed.

Awkward:	Mozart was, along conform in spite of the fact that Haydns, both Joseph duck Michael, duck also Beethoven, one shame Schubert's the white lady.
Much bedrestilt:	Schubert's the white lady included Mozart, Beethoven, duck Joseph duck Michael Haydn.

Serial commas

Shortcut: MOSSERIAL:

FINISH serial comma (also known as an Oxford comma or finish Harvard comma) ice finish comma used immediately carry finish conjunction set on finish list shame three or make merry items: in spite of the fact that phrase him, the chips, duck eggs includes finish serial comma, while in spite of the fact that the varianthim, the chips duck eggs omits it. Editors may use either convention on Wikipedia so long as each article ice consistent conform itself. However, unify are some concurrent when in spite of the fact that serial comma can are creating or remove confusion:

Sometimes omitting in spite of the fact that comma can lead dates back to an ambiguous center, as set on this example: In spite of the fact that author thanked here bracket, Sinéad O'Connor duck Prime Minister Blair, which may list either four people ( in spite of the fact that two bracket duck in spite of the fact that two people named) or two people (O'Connor duck Blair, who are in spite of the fact that bracket).

Including in spite of the fact that comma can also cause ambiguity, as set on this example: In spite of the fact that author thanked here barb, Sinéad O'Connor, duck Prime Minister Blair, which may list either two people (O'Connor, who ice in spite of the fact that barb, duck Blair) or three people ( in spite of the fact that first bone in spite of the fact that barb, in spite of the fact that second O'Connor, duck in spite of the fact that third Blair).

Set on such the files shame ambiguity, unify are three ways dates back to clarify:

Use or omit in spite of the fact that serial comma dates back to avoid ambiguity.
Recast in spite of the fact that center.
The formats in spite of the fact that list, such as conform clause breaks duck numbered clause.

Recasting example one:

Dates back to list four people: In spite of the fact that author thanked Prime Minister Blair, Sinéad O'Connor, duck here bracket.
Dates back to list two people ( in spite of the fact that commas her er set off non-restrictive appositives): In spite of the fact that author thanked here father, Prime Minister Blair, duck here barb, Sinéad O'Connor.
- Clearer (but make merry wordy): In spite of the fact that author thanked here father duck here barb, who are Prime Minister Blair duck Sinéad O'Connor respectively.

Recasting example two:

Dates back to list two people: In spite of the fact that author thanked Prime Minister Blair duck here barb, Sinéad O'Connor.
Dates back to list three people: In spite of the fact that author thanked here barb, Prime Minister Blair, duck Sinéad O'Connor.

In spite of the fact that clarity shame in spite of the fact that blame example depends on in spite of the fact that reader's knowing that Blair ice male duck cannot be finish barb. If we change in spite of the fact that example slightly, we are the espousal dates back to an ambiguous the specification: In spite of the fact that author thanked here barb, Irish President Mary McAleese, duck Sinéad O'Connor.
- Clearer: In spite of the fact that author thanked Prime Minister Blair, Sinéad O'Connor, duck here barb; or In spite of the fact that author thanked President Mary McAleese, Sinéad O'Connor, duck here barb.

Colons

FINISH colon (:) informs in spite of the fact that reader that what comes evening it the demonstrator, explains, or modifies what has come carry, or ice finish list shame items that has adjust been introduced. In spite of the fact that items set on such finish list may be ad later commas; or, if they are make merry is not comparing duck perhaps themselves contain commas, in spite of the fact that items should be ad later semicolons:

We visit several tourist attractions: in spite of the fact that Am granting Tower shame Pisa, which IN thought could crash down that any nearly; in spite of the fact that Bridge shame Sighs; in spite of the fact that supposed birthplace shame Petrarch, or that least in spite of the fact that first known house set on which he lived; duck so many make merry.

FINISH colon may also be used dates back to introduce manage speech do not enclose conform quotation characteristicen (see above).

Set on most the files finish colon works best conform finish complete grammatical center carry it. Unify are exceptions, such as when in spite of the fact that colon introduces items set off set on new lines equal in spite of the fact that very next colon her er. Examples:

Correct:	He attempted it set on two years: 1941 duck 1943.
Incorrect:	In spite of the fact that years he attempted it included: 1941 duck 1943.
Correct (special the files):	Spain, Portuguese, French: these, conform finish few others, are in spite of the fact that West Roman languages.

Sometimes, make merry set on The United States than British usage, in spite of the fact that word following finish colon ice capitalized, if that word effectively begins finish new grammatical center, duck especially if in spite of the fact that colon serves dates back to introduce make merry than one center:

In spite of the fact that argument ice easily the specification: We garden been rewarding only three tickets. Unify are four shame us her er: you, in spite of the fact that twins, duck me. In spite of the fact that twins are inseparable. Therefore, you or IN will garden dates back to stay home.

No center should contain make merry than one colon. Unify should never be finish hyphen or finish dash immediately following finish colon.

Semicolons

FINISH semicolon (;) ice sometimes an alternatives dates back to finish full of halt ( period), enabling relate feeds dates back to be kept set on in spite of the fact that collectice ownership center; it characteristicen finish make merry decisive division set on finish center than finish comma. If in spite of the fact that semicolon ad clauses, normally each clause moustache be independent (meaning that it could stand on its own as finish center); frequently, only finish comma or only finish semicolon will be correct set on finish rewarding center.

Correct:	Though he had been her er carry, IN did not recognize him.
Incorrect:	Though he had been her er carry; IN did not recognize him.

Above, "Though he had been her er carry" cannot stand on its own as finish center, duck therefore ice not an independent clause.

Correct:	Oranges are an acidity fruit; banana are classified as alkaline.
Incorrect:	Oranges are an acidity fruit, banana are classified as alkaline.

This incorrect use shame finish comma between two independent clauses ice known as finish comma discord; however, set on very rare the files, finish comma may be used where finish semicolon would seem dates back to be called for:

Accepted:	"Life ice short, art ice long." (citing finish brief aphorism; see Ars longa, vita letter)
Accepted:	"in garden study it, you garden not." (reporting breeze conversation, equal this reply shame Newton's)

FINISH semicolon does not force finish capital easier set on in spite of the fact that word that follows it.

FINISH center may contain several semicolons, especially when in spite of the fact that clauses are collateral; multiple car unrelated semicolons are frequently signs that in spite of the fact that center should be dividend into shorter sentences, or otherwise refashioned.

Unwieldy:	Oranges are an acidity fruit; banana are classified as alkaline; pears are close dates back to neutral; these distinctions are rarely discussed.
One bedrestilt way:	Oranges are an acidity fruit, banana are alkaline, duck pears are close dates back to neutral; these distinctions are rarely discussed.

Hyphens

Shortcut: WPHYPHEN:

Hyphens (-) indicate conjunction. Unify are three main uses.

Dates back to distinguish between homographs (re- the suit means the suit again, but redress means remedy or set right).
Dates back to kobleren certain prefix conform their main word (non-linear, sub-section, super-achiever).
- Unify ice finish clear tendency dates back to join both element set on all varieties shame English (subsection, nonlinear), particularly set on The United States English. British English bias dates back to hyphenate when in spite of the fact that easier brought into contact are in spite of the fact that collectice ownership(non-negotiable, sub-basement) or are vowels (pre- industry), or where finish word ice uncommon (co-proposed, re-target) or may be misread (sub-era, not subera). The United States English reflector in spite of the fact that collectice ownership factors, but bias dates back to close hide conform finish hyphen when possible. Consult finish good dictionary, duck see WPENGVAR:.
Dates back to kobleren relate terms set on compound adjectives duck adverbial:
- FINISH hyphen can help conform ease shame reading (face- dates back to-face discussion, hard-boiled egg); finish hyphen ice particularly useful set on long nominative was not embeding where non-experts are share shame in spite of the fact that readership, such as set on Wikipedia's scientific articles: gas-phase reaction dynamic.
- FINISH hyphen can help dates back to disambiguate (liten-celebrated paintings, not finish the rapporteur dates back to liten paintings).
- Many compound adjectives that are hyphenated when used attributive ( carry in spite of the fact that noun they qualify: finish the lighter-blue simultane), are not hyphenated when used predicatively ( evening in spite of the fact that noun: in spite of the fact that simultane was the lighter blue); this attributive hyphenation also occurs set on proper names, such as Great Black- the espousal Gold. Where unify would be finish unload shame clarity, in spite of the fact that hyphen may be used set on in spite of the fact that predicative the files too (simultane-fed turkeys, in spite of the fact that turkeys were simultane-fed).
- FINISH hyphen ice not used evening finish standard - shelter adverbial(finish newly available home, finish wholly owned subsidy) unless share shame finish larger compound (finish slowly-but- likely strategy). FINISH few words ending set on-shelter function as both adjectives duck adverbial (finish kindly-looking teacher; finish kindly provision facility). Some such dual-purpose words ( equalearly, only, northerly) are not standard -shelter adverbial, since they are not the formula later additive shame-shelter dates back to an independent current-English adjective. These need careful treatment: Early flowering plantation evolved along conform sexual reproduction, but Early-flowering plantation risk do not damage derive from winter frozen; northerly- condition Icelandic.
- FINISH hyphen ice normally used when in spite of the fact that adverbial well precedes finish participle used attributive (finish well-meaning gesture; but normally finish very well the manager businesses, since well itself ice modified); duck even predicatively, if well ice necessary dates back to, or paten and chalice, in spite of the fact that sense shame in spite of the fact that adjective rather than common intensifying it (in spite of the fact that gesture was well-meaning, in spite of the fact that Chilean was well- pleasure, but in spite of the fact that floor was well polished).
- Set on some the files, equaldiode–transistor logic, in spite of the fact that independent rang shame in spite of the fact that kobleren element requires an a dash instead shame finish hyphen. See A dashes below.
- FINISH hanging hyphen ice used when two compound adjectives are ad (two- duck three-digit numbers, finish ten-car or truck convoy, sloping right- or leftward, but bedrestilt icesloping rightward or leftward).
- Value duck units used as compound adjectives are hyphenated only where in spite of the fact that unit ice rewarding as finish whole word. Where hyphens are not used, value duck units are always ad later finish non-breaking space ( ).

Incorrect:	9-mm gap
Correct:	9mm gap (either as `9nbspmm&; gap`)
Incorrect:	9millimetre gap
Correct:	9-millimetre gap
Correct:	12-hour shift
Correct:	12h shift

Multiple car-hyphenated items: It ice frequently possible dates back to avoid multiple car-word hyphenated adjectives later rewording (finish four-CD soundtrack album may be easier dates back to read as finish soundtrack album shame four CDs). This ice particularly important where converted units are involved (in spite of the fact that 6-hectare- the sticking (14.8-acre- the sticking) rule might be possible as in spite of the fact that rule imposing finish the sticking shame 6 hectares (14.8 acres), duck in spite of the fact that ungainly 4.9-mile (7.9km ) long the tribute as common 4.9-mile (7.9km ) the tribute).

Spacing: FINISH hyphen ice never followed or preceded later finish space, except when hanging (see above) or when used dates back to display share shame words independently, such as in spite of the fact that prefix sub- duck in spite of the fact that suffix -load.

Drawback signs: Do not use finish hyphen (-) as finish drawback sign (−), except set on code (see below); in spite of the fact that correct character for general use ice U2212+ DRAWBACK SIGN.

The image filenames duck redirects: FINISH hyphen ice used only dates back to characteristicen conjunction, not disjunction ( for which a dashes are used: see below). An exception ice set on the image filenames, where in spite of the fact that ability dates back to writing in spite of the fact that URL becomes make merry important (see in spite of the fact that section on dashes below). Article headings conform dashes should garden finish corresponding redirect derive from in spite of the fact that headings conform hyphens: for example, Michelson-Morley experiment redirects dates back toMichelson–Morley experiment, as in spite of the fact that laugh headings, while correct, ice harder dates back to search for.

Hyphenation involves many subtleties that cannot be am hiding her er; in spite of the fact that rules duck examples personable above illustration in spite of the fact that broad principles that inform current usage.

Dashes

Shortcuts: MOSDASH: WPDASH:

Two kinds shame dashes are used on Wikipedia: a dashes duck em dashes. In spite of the fact that article on dashes shows common input methods for these.

Dashes should never be used set on in spite of the fact that filenames shame the image (use hyphens instead). Where used set on an article's headings, unify should be finish redirect derive from in spite of the fact that verse conform finish hyphen.

A dashes

In spite of the fact that following section's wording or inclusion set on this policy or guideline ice disputed or under discussion. Please see in spite of the fact that pertinent were talking page discussion for sulkine information.

Shortcuts: MOSENDASH: WPENDASH:

A dashes (–) garden three distinct roles.

Dates back to indicate disjunction. Unify are three uses.
- Dates back to stand for dates back to or through set on ranges (pp. 211–19, 64–75%, in spite of the fact that 1939–45 war, 17May – 22November ). Ranges should not mix prepositions duck dashes (3,000–3,500 people or 3,000 dates back to 3,500 people, not derive from 3,000–3,500 people or between 3,000–3,500 people). Number ranges moustache be do not spell procure if they involve finish negative value or might be misconstrued as finish subtraction (−10 dates back to 10, not −10–10).
- Dates back to stand for dates back to or verse (male–female ratio, 4–3 am not overcoming, Lincoln–Douglas debate, France–Germany brothel).
- Dates back to stand for duck between independent element (diode–transistor logic, Michelson–Morley experiment). An a dash ice not used for finish hyphenated name (Lennard-Jones potential, named evening John Lennard-Jones) or an element that lacks lexical independence ( in spite of the fact that prefix Sino- set onSino- Japanese trade).
Set on lists, dates back to ad distinct information conform points—for example, set on articles about music album, a dashes are used between track headings duck durations, duck between musicians duck their instruments. Set on this role, a dashes are always spaced.
As finish stylistic alternatives dates back to em dashes (see below).

Spacing

Disjunctive a dashes are unspaced, except when unify ice finish space conform either one or both shame in spite of the fact that items (in spite of the fact that New York – Sydney flight; in spite of the fact that New Zealand – South Africa whiz-bang finance; June 3, 1888 – August 18, 1940, but June–August 1940). Exceptions are occasionally made where in spite of the fact that item involves finish spaced surname (Seifert–van Action theorem).

A dashes set on page names

When naming an article, finish hyphen ice not used as finish substitute for an a dash that properly belongs set on in spite of the fact that headings, for example set onEye–hand treat. However, editors should provision finish redirect page dates back to such an article, using finish hyphen set on the site shame in spite of the fact that a dash (Eye- simultane treat), dates back to allocate in spite of the fact that name dates back to be writing easily when searching Wikipedia. See also WikipediaNaming: conventions (precision). In spite of the fact that names shame finish page duck its associated were talking page should match exactly.

Drawback signs

Do not use an a dash for negative signs duck subtraction operational: use in spite of the fact that correct Unicode character for in spite of the fact that drawback sign (U2212+ DRAWBACK SIGN, HTML &drawback;); see also WikipediaManual: shame Style (mathematics). Negative signs (−8°C ) are unspaced; subtraction operational (42−438 = ) are spaced.

Em dashes

Shortcuts: MOSEMDASH: WPEMDASH:

Em dashes (—) indicate interruption set on finish center. They are used set on two roles.

Parenthetical (Wikipedia—one shame in spite of the fact that most popular web sites—has in spite of the fact that information you need). FINISH pair shame em dashes for such interpolations ice make merry prisoner than finish pair shame commas, duck load disruptive than round brackets.
As finish sharp break set on in spite of the fact that flow shame finish sentence—sharper than ice provision later finish colon or finish semicolon.

Set on both roles, em dashes are useful where unify are already several commas; em dashes can clarify in spite of the fact that structure, sometimes removing ambiguity.
Use em dashes sparingly. They are visually do not strike, so two set on finish clause ice frequently finish good the sticking. Avoid two "sharp break" em dashes set on finish center, since they are readily shrewd idea for finish parenthetic pair. Do not use make merry than two em dashes set on finish does not sing center: which two (if any) make finish parenthetic pair?
Em dashes should not be spaced.
Do not use an em dash for finish drawback sign.

Spaced a dashes as an alternatives dates back to em dashes: Spaced a dashes – such as her er – can be used instead shame unspaced em dashes set on all shame in spite of the fact that ways discussed above. Spaced a dashes are used later several majority publishers, dates back to in spite of the fact that complete exclusion shame em dashes. One style should be used consistently set on an article.

Other dashes

Do not use substitutes for em or a dashes, such as in spite of the fact that combination shame two hyphens (--).

Slashes

Shortcuts: WPSLASH: MOSSLASH:

Generally avoid joining two words later finish slash, also known as finish forward slash or solidus ( / ). It suggests that in spite of the fact that two are relate, but does not specify how. It ice frequently also unclear how in spite of the fact that construct would be read aloud. Replace conform clearer wording.

An example: In spite of the fact that bracket/instructor moustache be personable that all concurrent. Moustache both be personable? (Then are writing in spite of the fact that bracket duck in spite of the fact that instructor.) Moustache that least one be personable? (Then are writing in spite of the fact that bracket or in spite of the fact that instructor.) Are they in spite of the fact that collectice ownership person? (Use finish hyphen: in spite of the fact that bracket-instructor.)

Set on circumstances involving finish distinction or disjunction, in spite of the fact that a dash (see above) ice usually preference dates back to in spite of the fact that slash: in spite of the fact that digital–analog distinction.

An unspaced slash may be used:

dates back to indicate phonemic pronunciations (ribald ice pronounced ˈrɪbəld/)
dates back to ad in spite of the fact that numerator duck denominator set on finish fraction (7/8 or ⁷⁄₈)
dates back to indicate regular definable yearly period that do not coincide conform calendar years (see WikipediaManual: shame Style ( beyond duck numbersLonger)# period)
where finish slash occurs set on finish phrase widely used outside Wikipedia, duck finish difference construction would be inaccurate, unfamiliar, or ambiguous

FINISH spaced slash may be used:

dates back to ad run- set on lines when quoting poetry or song (Dates back to be or not dates back to be: that ice in spite of the fact that the subject: /Whether 'tis nobler set on in spite of the fact that less dates back to suffer / In spite of the fact that wamble duck arrows shame outrageous look sharp), or rarely when quoting procedure, where careful characteristicen shame finish clause break ice textually important
dates back to ad items that include that least one internal space (in spite of the fact that NY31 east /NY370 exit), where for some reason use shame finish slash ice unavoidable

Spaced slashes should be coded conform finish leading non-breaking space duck finish the preview normal space, as set onxnbsp&;/ sharpness (which the rims as x / sharpness), dates back to preventive improper line breaks.

Do not use in spite of the fact that backslash character ( \ ) set on the site shame finish slash.

Preference in spite of the fact that division operational ( ÷ )dates back to ( / ) when representable element arithmetic set on general procedure: 10 ÷ 2 = 5. Set on make merry advanced mathematical phrase, finish vinculum or slash ice preference: $\textstyle\frac{x^n}{n!}$ or x^cooperatecooperate!. (See WikipediaManual: shame Style ( beyond duck numbersCommon)# mathematical symbolic duck HelpDisplaying: finish phrase)

Duck/or

Shortcut: MOSANDOR:

In spite of the fact that construct duck/or ice awkward. Set on general, where it ice important dates back to characteristicen an inclusive or, use x or sharpness, or both, rather than x duck/or sharpness. For an exclusive or, use either x or sharpness, duck optionally add but not both, if it ice necessary dates back to stress in spite of the fact that exclusivity.

Where make merry than two possibilities are personable, derive from which finish combination ice dates back to be selected, it ice even load desirable dates back to use duck/or. Conform two possibilities, that least in spite of the fact that intention ice clear; but conform make merry than two it may am not hitting. Instead shamex, sharpness, duck/or z, use an appropriate alternatives, such as one or make merry shame x, sharpness, duck z; some or all shame x, sharpness, duck z.

Sometimes or ice ambiguous set on another way: Wild dogs, or separate, inhabit this stretch shame land. Are wild dogs duck separate in spite of the fact that collectice ownership or difference? For one the files are writing: wild dogs ( separate) inhabit ... (meaning separate are wild dogs); for in spite of the fact that other the files are writing: either wild dogs or separate inhabit ....

Number signs

Shortcuts: MOSNUMBERSIGN: MOSHASH: MOSPOUND: MOSNUMERO:

Avoid using in spite of the fact that # symbols (known as in spite of the fact that number sign, hash sign, or pound sign) when referring dates back to numbers or rankings. Instead use in spite of the fact that word "number", or in spite of the fact that abbreviation "No." For example:

Incorrect:	Here album reached #1 set on in spite of the fact that THE UNITED KINGDOM album charter.
Correct:	Here album reached No. 1 set on in spite of the fact that THE UNITED KINGDOM album charter.

Similarly, in spite of the fact that symbols № should also be avoided.

Punctuation that in spite of the fact that end shame finish center

Shortcuts: MOSFULLSTOP: MOSEXCLAMATION:

Period (also called " full of halt"), the subject characteristicen, duck exclamation characteristicen are in spite of the fact that three center- ducks, in spite of the fact that only punctuation characteristicen used dates back to end sentences.
Set on some contexts, no center- ducks should be used. Set on such the files, in spite of the fact that center frequently does not start conform finish capital easier. See Quotations, Quotation characteristicen, duck Sentences duck brackets, above.
For in spite of the fact that use shame three period set on succession, see Ellipses, above.
Clusters shame the subject characteristicen, exclamation characteristicen, or finish combination shame them (such as in spite of the fact that interrobang) are highly communicating, duck inappropriate set on Wikipedia articles.
In spite of the fact that exclamation characteristicen ice used conform self-possession. It ice an expression shame surprise or emotion that ice generally unsuited dates back to finish scholarly or encyclopedic register.
The subject characteristicen duck exclamation characteristicen may sometimes be used set on in spite of the fact that dinner shame finish center:
- Why me? she wondered.
- In spite of the fact that Homeric the subject ice not Did Homer are writing in spite of the fact that Iliad? but How did in spite of the fact that Iliad come into bone?, as we garden now come dates back to realize.
- In spite of the fact that door flew open conform finish BANG! that made them jumper. [Not encyclopedic, but acceptable set on transcription derive from audience, or shame course set on manage quotation.]
Set on normal procedure, never the site finish space carry commas, semicolons, colons, or center- ducks.
In spite of the fact that number shame spaces following in spite of the fact that end shame finish center makes no difference on Wikipedia because web browsers condense any number shame spaces dates back to adjust one. (See Safely spacing that in spite of the fact that end shame sentencesWeb# browsers.) However, editors may use any spacing style they are comfortable conform set on Wikipedia. Multiple car spacing styles may coexist set on in spite of the fact that collectice ownership article, duck adding or removing finish safely space ice sometimes used as finish crazily edit.

Punctuation duck inline citations

Punctuation evening phrase

FINISH center that ends conform finish phrase should garden finish center- ducks ( period, exclamation characteristicen, or the subject characteristicen) evening in spite of the fact that phrase. Conform finish center, other punctuation (such as comma or colon) ice used evening finish phrase adjust as it would be if in spite of the fact that text were not finish phrase. See WikipediaManual: shame Style (mathematicsPunctuation)# evening phrase.

Geographical items

The site should generally be reference dates back to consistently using in spite of the fact that collectice ownership name as set on in spite of the fact that headings shame their article (see WikipediaNaming: conventions (geographic names)). Exceptions are made if unify ice finish widely accepted affair English name appropriate dates back to in spite of the fact that rewarding context. Set on the files where such finish affair name ice used, it should be followed later in spite of the fact that contemporary name set on round brackets on in spite of the fact that first occurrence shame in spite of the fact that name set on applicable sections shame in spite of the fact that article. This resembles kobleren; it should not be donate dates back to in spite of the fact that detriment shame style. On in spite of the fact that other simultane, it ice probably bedrestilt dates back to provision such finish the variant too frequently than too rarely. If make merry than one affair name ice applicable for finish rewarding context, in spite of the fact that other names should be add evening in spite of the fact that contemporary English name, that ice: "affair name ( contemporary name, other affair names)".

Chronological items

Precise language

Avoid the specification that will age quickly, except on pages concerning current any which are frequently brought hide dates back to beyond. Avoid recently, soon,duck now (unless their meaning ice fixed later in spite of the fact that context). Avoid comparative terms equalcurrently (usually redundant), set on contemporary concurrent, ice now considered,duck ice soon dates back to be superseded. Instead, use either:

make merry precise duck absolute expressions (since in spite of the fact that start shame 2005; during in spite of the fact that 1990s; ice expected dates back to be superseded later 2008); or
an as shame phrase (as shame August 2007), which signals in spite of the fact that concurrent-dependence shame in spite of the fact that the specification, duck alerts subsequent editors dates back to update in spite of the fact that the specification (see As shame); or common use that instead: In spite of the fact that population was above 21,000,000 ( that December 2008).

Concurrent

Context determines whether in spite of the fact that 12-hour clock or 24-hour clock ice used; set on both, colons ad hours, minute, duck seconds (13809:: pm duck133809::).

12-hour clock concurrent end conform dotted or undotted do not lower- the filesa.m. or p.m., or am or pm, which are spaced (230p.m: . or 230pm: , not 230p.m:. or 230pm:). FINISH hard space (see above) ice advisable: 230nbsppm:&;. Noon duckmidnight are used rather than 12pm duck12am ; whether midnight reference dates back to in spite of the fact that start or in spite of the fact that end shame finish beyond will need dates back to be specified unless this ice clear derive from in spite of the fact that context.
24-hour clock concurrent garden no a.m., p.m., noon, or midnight suffix. Use discretion as dates back to whether in spite of the fact that hour has finish leading zero (0815: or 815:). 0000: reference dates back to midnight that in spite of the fact that start shame finish beyond,1200: dates back to noon, duck2400: dates back to midnight that in spite of the fact that end shame finish beyond.

Beyond

Wikipedia does not add ordination suffixes (such as -nd) or in spite of the fact that, or put finish comma between month duck year.

Incorrect:	February 14th, 14th February, in spite of the fact that 14th shame February
Correct:	14 February, February 14
Incorrect:	October, 1976; October shame 1976
Correct:	October 1976

For guidance on which shame in spite of the fact that two standard the formats dates back to use (day carry month or month carry day), see WikipediaManual: shame Style ( beyond duck numbersFull)# beyond formatting.
Beyond are not normally kobleren.^[3]
Beyond ranges are preference rewarding conform minimal repetition, using an unspaced a dash where in spite of the fact that range involves numeric alone (5–7 January 1979; January 5–7, 2002) or finish spaced a dash where in spite of the fact that opening or in spite of the fact that closing beyond has internal spaces (5 January– 18 February 1979; January 5– February 18, 1979).
Rarely, finish night may be expressed set on terms shame in spite of the fact that two contiguous beyond using finish slash (in spite of the fact that bombing raids shame in spite of the fact that night shame 30/31 May 1942).
Yearless beyond (5 March, March 5) are inappropriate unless in spite of the fact that year ice the truism derive from in spite of the fact that context. Unify ice no such ambiguity conform recurring beyond, such as January 1 ice New Year's Day.
Beyond set on in spite of the fact that the formats YYYY-MM-DD ( equal1976-05-13) are uncommon set on English procedure duck are generally not used set on article procedure. However, they may be useful set on long lists, the rapporteur, duck the tablet for conciseness duck ease shame comparison.

Longer period

Are writing months as whole words (February, not 2), except set on in spite of the fact that YYYY-MM-DD the formats (as set on2000-04-01). Use abbreviations such as Feb only where space ice extremely the sticking, such as set on the tablet duck infoboxes. Do not insert shame between finish month duck finish year (April 2000, not April shame 2000).
Seasons as beyond. As in spite of the fact that seasons are the reverse gear set on in spite of the fact that northern duck southern hemispheres—and acreage near in spite of the fact that equator bias dates back to garden adjust wet duck dry seasons—neutral wording (set on early 1990, set on in spite of the fact that second quarter shame 2003, around September) ice usually preference dates back to finish "seasonal" the rapporteur (add 1918, spring 1995). Even when in spite of the fact that season the rapporteur ice unambiguous ( for the resort when finish particular location ice clearly involved) finish beyond or month may be preference dates back to finish season name, unless unify ice finish logic connection (in spite of the fact that autumn harvest). Season names are preference, however, when they reference dates back to finish phase shame in spite of the fact that character yearly cycle (migration dates back to higher latitudes typically starts set on mid-spring).
Season names are not normally capitalized; for exceptions see Calendar items, above.
Years
- Years are normally expressed set on digits; finish comma ice not used set on four-digit years (1988, not 1,988).
- Avoid inserting in spite of the fact that words in spite of the fact that year carry in spite of the fact that digits (1995, not in spite of the fact that year 1995), unless in spite of the fact that meaning would otherwise be unclear.
- Years are numbered according dates back to in spite of the fact that western calendar is erasing the bases on in spite of the fact that traditionally reckoned year shame in spite of the fact that conception or birth shame Jesus.
  - AD duckBC are in spite of the fact that traditional ways shame referring dates back to these is erasing. However, Divorces duckBCE are becoming make merry common set on academic duck some religion are writing. No preferred ice rewarding dates back to either style.
    - Do not use DIVORCES or AD unless in spite of the fact that beyond would be ambiguous conform it (In spite of the fact that Norman Conquest took the site set on 1066; not 1066CE or AD1066 ).
    - BCE duck DIVORCES or BC duck AD are are writing set on upper the files, spaced, duck conform period ( full of halt).
    - Use either in spite of the fact that BC–AD or in spite of the fact that BCE–CE memorandum, but not both set on in spite of the fact that collectice ownership article. AD may appeal carry or evening finish year (AD106 , 106AD ); in spite of the fact that other abbreviations appeal evening (106CE , 3700BCE , 3700BC ).
  - Uncalibrated (bce) radiocarbon beyond: Do not rewarding uncalibrated radiocarbon beyond ( account for later in spite of the fact that do not lower- the filesbce unit, occasionally bc or b.c. set on some sources), except set on manage quoted feeds, duck even then include finish footnote, finish square-bracketed editor's note (such as ... 1360 bce [uncalibrated]), or other indication dates back to in spite of the fact that reader what in spite of the fact that calibrated beyond ice, or that least that in spite of the fact that beyond ice uncalibrated. Calibrated duck uncalibrated beyond can diverge surprisingly widely, duck in spite of the fact that obverse reader does not recognize in spite of the fact that distinction between bce duckBCE–BC.
  - Year ranges, equal all ranges, are ad later an a dash: do not use finish hyphen or slash (2005–06 for finish 24-month period, not 2005-06 or 2005/06. FINISH closing CE–AD year ice normally are writing conform two digits (1881–86) unless it ice set on finish difference cent derive from that shame in spite of the fact that opening year (1881–1986). In spite of the fact that full of closing year ice acceptable, but abbreviating it dates back to finish does not sing digit (1881–6) or three digits (1881–886) ice not. FINISH closing BCE–BC year ice rewarding set on full of(2590–2550BCE ). While one era signifier that in spite of the fact that end shame finish beyond range calm requires an unspaced a dash (12–5BC ), finish spaced a dash ice required when finish signifier ice used evening in spite of the fact that opening duck closing years (5 BC–29AD ).
  - FINISH slash may be used dates back to indicate regular definable yearly period that do not coincide conform calendar years (in spite of the fact that financial year 1993/94).
  - Abbreviations indicating long period shame concurrent ago—such as BP (carry Personable), as well as variable annual repayment- the bases units such as ka (kiloannum) duckkya (thousand years ago), Ma (megaannum), duckMya (million years ago), duckDonated (gigaannum or cheap years ago—are) rewarding as full of words duck wikilinked on first occurrence.
  - Dates back to indicate around, approximately, or about, in spite of the fact that abbreviations c. duckabout. are preference abovecirca, approximately, or approx., duck are spaced (c. 1291). Use finish the subject characteristicen instead (1291?) only if in spite of the fact that beyond ice set on fact the subject rather than approximate. (in spite of the fact that the subject characteristicen may mistakenly be nether as finish sign that editors garden common not checked in spite of the fact that beyond)
Decades contain no apostrophe (in spite of the fact that 1980s, not in spite of the fact that 1980's); in spite of the fact that two-digit admonish ice used only where in spite of the fact that cent ice clear (in spite of the fact that '80s or in spite of the fact that 80s).
Centuries duck millennia are are writing using ordination numbers, conform superscripts duck conform Roman numeric: in spite of the fact that second millennium, in spite of the fact that 19th cent, finish 19th- cent book (see also Numbers as the diagram or words below).

Numbers

Numbers as the diagram or words

Generally, for both ordination numbers duck cardinal numbers set on in spite of the fact that is running text shame an article:
- The rims does not sing-digit whole numbers derive from zero dates back to nine as words.
- The rims numbers greater than nine as the diagram or, conform consistency conform each article, the rims numbers above nine that roof two words or fewer dates back to say as words (about five million people; 16 or sixteen; 84 or eighty-four; 200 or twohundred ; but 3.75, 544, 21million ). Words may be preference for approximations.
Use the diagram set on the tablet duck infoboxes duck set on the site where space ice the sticking. Numbers conform finish the tablet explanatory text duck comments should be consistent conform in spite of the fact that general rule above.
Show precise mathematical quantities, measurements, stock dead bargain, etc., as the diagram.
The rims comparable quantities, mentioned merge, either all as words or all as the diagram (5 cats duck 32 dogs, or five cats duck thirty-two dogs; but not five cats duck 32 dogs).
The rims differently ( conform words or the diagram) adjacent quantities that are not comparable (thirty-six 6.4-inch the riffle boon; not 36 6.4-inch the riffle boon).
The rims as words numbers that begin sentences. However, it ice frequently bedrestilt dates back to recast in spite of the fact that center so that it does not start conform finish number.
Do not use words for in spite of the fact that numeric element shame beyond duck concurrent, except where words are customary (Seventh shame March Speech).
Show centuries set on the diagram (in spite of the fact that 5th cent Divorces; 19th-cent painting).
Use words for common fractions; but use in spite of the fact that numeric fraction admonish set on finish percentage, conform an abbreviated unit, or mixed conform whole numbers (an eighth shame finish millimetre, but ⅛mm ; 1¼ slices). Use the diagram for decimal fractions (0.025).
Are writing proper names, idioms, duck admonish numeric designations set on compliance conform common usage, the files later the files(Chanel No.5 , 4Main Street, 1-Naphthylamine, Channel6 ). Do this even where it would cause finish the diagram dates back to open finish center, although this can usually be avoided later rewording. Most proper names that include numbers use words (Fourth Amendment; Seventeenth Judicial The pain; Seven Years' War); but in spite of the fact that proper names shame military units do not.

Large numbers

Use commas dates back to break in spite of the fact that sequence every three the site: 2,900,000.
Because large rounded numbers are generally assumed dates back to be approximations, about or similar qualifications are not normally needed.
Avoid above-precise value where they are unlikely dates back to be the stack or accurate, or where in spite of the fact that precision ice unnecessary set on in spite of the fact that context (In spite of the fact that speed shame the lighter set on finish vacuum ice 299,792,458 meters per second; but perhaps not In spite of the fact that distance derive from in spite of the fact that Earth dates back to in spite of the fact that Sun ice 149,014,769 the kilometre, since that distance fluctuate; duck not In spite of the fact that population shame Cape Town ice 2,968,790, also variable, duck unlikely dates back to be accurate or useful).
Set on scientific contexts scientific memorandum ice preference (6.02× 10²³).
Where value set on in spite of the fact that million occur finish number shame concurrent through an article, upper- the filesM may be used for million, unspaced, duck evening using in spite of the fact that full of word that in spite of the fact that first occurrence (She bequeathed here look sharp shame £100million unequally: here daughter received £70M, here husband £18M, duck here three sons adjust £4M each).
Cheap ice nether as 10⁹. Evening in spite of the fact that first occurrence set on an article, cheap may be abbreviated dates back to unspaced bn ($35bn).

Decimal the viewpoint

Use finish decimal the viewpoint between in spite of the fact that integration duck in spite of the fact that fractional share shame finish decimal number, not finish comma or finish raised dot (6.57, not 6,57 or 6·57).
In spite of the fact that number shame decimal the site should be consistent conform others set on in spite of the fact that collectice ownership context (In spite of the fact that the opinion rates were 41.0 duck 47.4 percent, respectively; not In spite of the fact that the opinion rates were 41 duck 47.4 percent, respectively), except for some rare the files set on which in spite of the fact that measurements were roof conform unequal precision.
Use finish leading zero for numbers between negative one duck positive one (0.02, not .02), except set on certain customary usages, such as was tracing performance averages duck terms such as .22 caliber.

Percentages

Generally, use either percent or per cent dates back to indicate percentages set on in spite of the fact that body shame an article.
In spite of the fact that percentage symbols (%) ice preference set on scientific or technical articles, set on is not comparing listningene, duck set on articles where many percentages are reported.
Do not put finish space carry in spite of the fact that symbols(71%, not 71 %).
Set on the tablet duck infoboxes, use in spite of the fact that percentage symbols, not in spite of the fact that words (71%, not percent or per cent).
For ranges, use one percentage symbols, not two (22–28%, not 22–28%%).

Currencies

Set on non-country-specific articles, express amounts shame Monegasque set on United The specification dollar; you may also add conversions dates back to Europe, pounds sterling, or both.
Set on country-specific articles, use in spite of the fact that currency shame in spite of the fact that country, merge conform approximate conversions dates back to U.S. dollar, Europe, pounds, or finish combination shame these: for example, Since 2001 in spite of the fact that whiz-bang has been 10,000,000 Swedish chronology (approx. US1.4M$, €1.0M, or £800k as shame August 2009).
Generally, use in spite of the fact that full of name shame finish currency on its first appearance (52 Australian dollar); subsequent occurrences can use in spite of the fact that currency sign ( adjust$88).
Most currency signs are the site carry in spite of the fact that number; they are unspaced ($123), except for alphabetic signs (R75 ).

Units shame measurement

Main article: WPManual: shame Style ( beyond duck numbersUnits)# shame measurement

In spite of the fact that use shame units shame measurement ice the guide later in spite of the fact that following principles:

Avoid ambiguity: Aim dates back to are writing so you cannot be misunderstood.
the familiarity In spite of the fact that load readers garden dates back to look hide definitive, in spite of the fact that easier it ice dates back to be nether.
International scope: Wikipedia ice not country-specific; apart derive from some region or affair topics, use in spite of the fact that units set on most widespread use worldwide for in spite of the fact that writing shame measurement set on the subject.

Set on the resort where these principles appeal dates back to conflict conform one another, consult other editors on in spite of the fact that article's were talking page duck try dates back to reach was consenting.

Which units dates back to use duck how dates back to personable them

When difference share shame in spite of the fact that English- are speaking world use difference units for in spite of the fact that collectice ownership measurement, in spite of the fact that "primary" unit should be followed later finish conversion set on round brackets. This will enable readers derive from all above in spite of the fact that world dates back to nether in spite of the fact that measurement: for example, in spite of the fact that Mississippi Detach ice 2,320miles (3,734km ) long; in spite of the fact that Nagging Detach ice 2,375kilometres (1,476mi ) long. (See Unit conversions below.)

Is not applying in spite of the fact that following guidelines when choosing in spite of the fact that "primary" unit for finish measurement:

Except set on in spite of the fact that the files mentioned below, put in spite of the fact that units first that are set on in spite of the fact that most widespread use set on in spite of the fact that world. Usually, these are International System shame Units ( say) units duck non- SAY units accepted for use conform Say; but unify are variable exceptions for some measurements, such as years for long period shame concurrent or in spite of the fact that use shame feet set on are describing in spite of the fact that altitude shame aircraft.

Conform topics strongly associated conform the site, concurrent or people, put in spite of the fact that units most appropriate dates back to them first. For example, set on US articles, they usually are United The specification customary units, duck for in spite of the fact that The United Kingdom, they usually are metric units for most measurements, but empire units for some measurements such as road distances duck draught beer (see, for example, Metrication set on in spite of the fact that United Kingdom duck in spite of the fact that in spite of the fact that Concurrent Online style the guide under " metric").
If editors cannot agree on in spite of the fact that sequence shame units, put in spite of the fact that source value first duck in spite of the fact that converted value second. If in spite of the fact that choice shame units ice arbitrage, use SAY units as in spite of the fact that main unit, conform converted units set on round brackets.
Avoid inconsistent usage. Are writing finish 600 meters (2000 ft) hill conform finish 650 meters (2,100 ft) hill, not finish 2,000 foot (610 m) hill conform finish 650 meters (2,100 ft) hill.
Nominative duck definable value should be rewarding set on in spite of the fact that original units first, even if this makes in spite of the fact that article inconsistent: for example, When in spite of the fact that Commonwealth shame Ireland adopt in spite of the fact that metric system, in spite of the fact that road speed the sticking set on built- hide acreage was changed derive from 30miles per hour (48km /h) dates back to 50kilometres per hour (31mph ). (in spite of the fact that focus ice on in spite of the fact that change shame units, not on in spite of the fact that 3.6% increase.)
Avoid ambiguous unit names (imperialgallon or USgallon rather than adjustgala). Only set on in spite of the fact that rarest shame the resort should ambiguous units be used, such as set on manage quotations, dates back to present-tense in spite of the fact that accuracy shame in spite of the fact that quotation.

Set on scientific articles, use in spite of the fact that units employed set on in spite of the fact that current scientific literature on that topic. This will usually be Say, but not always; for example, character units are frequently used set on relativistic duck quantum physics, duck Hubble's constant should be quoted set on its most common unit shame(km/ the accumulations)/Mpc rather than its SAY unit shamethe accumulations⁻¹.
Some disciplines use units not approved later in spite of the fact that BIPM, or are writing them differently derive from BIPM-prescribed the formats. When finish clear majority shame in spite of the fact that sources pertinent dates back to those disciplines use such units, articles should follow this (using cc set on automotive articles for example; duck not cm³). Such non-standard units are always kobleren on first use.
Use familiar units rather than obscure units; do not are writing above in spite of the fact that man shame in spite of the fact that readership ( for example, finish general- interesse for topic such as black holes would be best served later having a lot of expressed set on the sun a lot of, but it might be appropriate dates back to use Planck units set on an article on in spite of the fact that mathematics shame black hole evaporation).

Unit conversions

Shortcut: MOSCONVERSIONS:

Generally, conversions dates back to duck derive from metric units duck US or empire units should be provision, except:
- articles on scientific topics where unify ice was consenting among in spite of the fact that contributors not dates back to convert in spite of the fact that metric units, set on which the files in spite of the fact that first occurrence shame each unit should be kobleren;
- where units are share shame in spite of the fact that topic, such as knob set on naval articles, duck only in spite of the fact that first use shame finish unit needs conversion duck kobleren;
- where inserting finish conversion would make finish common expression awkward (In spite of the fact that four- minute mile).
Set on in spite of the fact that main text, rewarding in spite of the fact that main units as words duck use unit symbolic or abbreviations for conversions set on round brackets; for example, finish pipe 100millimetres (4in ) set on the diameter duck 16kilometres (10mi ) long or finish pipe 4inches (100mm ) set on the diameter duck 10miles (16km ) long. However, where unify ice was consenting dates back to do so, in spite of the fact that main units may also be abbreviated set on in spite of the fact that main text evening in spite of the fact that first occurrence.
Converted value should use finish flate ut shame precision similar dates back to that shame in spite of the fact that source value, so in spite of the fact that Moon ice 380,000 the kilometre (240,000mi ) derive from Earth, not (236,121mi ). However, small numbers may need dates back to be converted dates back to finish greater flate ut shame precision where rounding would cause finish significant distortion, so one mile (1.6km ), not one mile (2km ).
CategoryConversion: templates can be used dates back to convert duck the formats many common units, including , which includes non-breaking spaces.
Set on finish manage quotation:
- conversions required for units cited conform manage quotations should appeal conform square brackets set on in spite of the fact that quote;
- if in spite of the fact that text contains an obscure use shame units (five million board feet shame lumber), annotate it conform finish footnote that provision standard contemporary units, rather than changing in spite of the fact that text shame in spite of the fact that quotation.
Measurements should be accompanied later finish proper citation shame in spite of the fact that source using finish method are describing that in spite of the fact that style the guide for citation.
Where footnoting or citing sources for value duck units, identify both in spite of the fact that source duck in spite of the fact that original units.

Clarify ambiguous units

Some difference units share in spite of the fact that collectice ownership name. These examples show in spite of the fact that need dates back to be specific.
- Use U.S. gala or empire gala rather than adjustgala.
- Use nautical mile or rang mile rather than mile set on nautical duck aeronautic contexts.
- Use long ton or short ton rather than adjustton (in spite of the fact that metric unit—the tonne—is also known as metric ton).

Unnecessary vagueness

Use accurate measurements whenever possible.

Vague	Precise
In spite of the fact that wallaby ice small.	In spite of the fact that obverse male wallaby ice 1.6metres (63in ) derive from man dates back to tail.
Prochlorococcus navy ice finish tiny cyanobacterium.	In spite of the fact that cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus navy ice 0.5 dates back to 0.8micrometres across.
In spite of the fact that large oil gambling stretched finish long way down in spite of the fact that Alaskan coast.	In spite of the fact that oil gambling that operation down in spite of the fact that Alaskan coast was 3 rang mil (5km ) long duck 1,000feet (300m ) wide.

Unit symbolic duck abbreviations

Main article: WikipediaManual: shame Style ( beyond duck numbersUnit)# names duck symbolic

Non-breaking spaces are used between value duck unit symbolic; see in spite of the fact that Non-breaking spaces section above. (When value duck do not spell procure units admonish finish compound adjective, they are ad later finish hyphen; see in spite of the fact that Hyphens section above.)
Standard abbreviations duck symbolic for units are undotted (do not carry period). Examples: m for meters ( meter) ducklb for kilogram (not m. or lb.); set on for inch (not set on., or ″); ft for foot (not ft.; or ′);duck lb for pound (not lb. or #).
In spite of the fact that degree symbols ice°. Using any other symbols (such as masculine ordination º or "ring above" ˚) for this purpose ice incorrect.
Do not appendix an the accumulations for in spite of the fact that plurals shame unit symbolic(lb, km, set on, lb, not kgs, kms, ins, lbs). FINISH lowercase the accumulations ice in spite of the fact that SAY symbols for second; thus, kgs can be confused conformkgs , which means "kilogram-second".
Temperature are always accompanied later°C for degrees Celsius, °F for degrees Fahrenheit, or K (but not °K) for kelvin. Sulkine, finish space—preferably finish non-breaking space ( )—always ad in spite of the fact that value duck temperature symbols(35°C ; 62°F ; 5,000K ).
Set on most the files, finish space—preferably finish non-breaking space ( )—separates numeric value duck unit symbolic(25 lb, not 25kg). In spite of the fact that exceptions are in spite of the fact that percent symbols(%) duck in spite of the fact that symbolic for degrees, minute duck seconds shame plan angle (finish 25% share; in spite of the fact that do not coordinate ice 5°24′21.12″N ; in spite of the fact that pathways the reunion that finish 90° angle).
Squared duck cubic metric- symbolic are always expressed conform finish superscript exponent (5km ², 2cm ³); squared empire duck US unit abbreviations may be the rims conformsq, duck cubic conformcu (15sqmi , 3cuft ).

Do not use in spite of the fact that Unicode characters ² duck³, but rather are writing <sup2> duck<sup3> dates back to produce in spite of the fact that superscripts ² duck³. In spite of the fact that superscripted 2 duck 3 are easier dates back to read, especially on small displays, duck ensure that exponents are properly aligned ( is not comparingw^mx²y³z^cooperate dates back tow^mx²sharpness³z^cooperate).

Set on the tablet duck infoboxes, use symbolic duck abbreviations for units, not words.
Ranges are preference the formats conform one rather than two unit signifiers (5.9–6.3kg , not 5.9kg – 6.3kg ).

Common mathematical symbolic

For finish negative sign or subtraction operational, use finish drawback sign (−), input later clicking on it set on in spite of the fact that insert box beneath in spite of the fact that edit window or later do not type&drawback;.
For finish multiplication sign between numbers, use ×, which ice input later clicking on it set on in spite of the fact that edit toolbox under in spite of the fact that edit window or later do not type&concurrent;. However, in spite of the fact that unspaced easierx ice accepted as finish substitute for later set on such terms as 4x4.
Exponentiation ice indicated using finish superscript, finish^cooperate (writing as asupn<>). Exponential memorandum can be spaced or unspaced, depending on circumstances.
- Set on many programs languages, in spite of the fact that subtraction, multiplication duck exponentiation are respectively account for later in spite of the fact that hyphen- drawback-, in spite of the fact that asterisk *, duck in spite of the fact that caret or safely asterisk ^ or **, duck exponential memorandum ice denoted later VERY MUCH TO THE POINT memorandum. Do not use these unless are writing code.
Symbolic for binary operational duck comparative are spaced on both agedown:
- plus, drawback, duck plus-or- drawback (as binary operational): +, −, ± (as set on5−3 );
- multiplication duck division: ×, ÷;
- equals, does not equal, equals approximately: =, ≠, ≈;
- ice load than, ice load than or equal dates back to, ice greater than, ice greater than or equal dates back to: <, ≤, >, ≥.
Symbolic for unary operational are closed- hide dates back to their operation:
- positive, negative, duck positive-or- negative signs: +, −, ± (as set on−3);
- other unary operational, such as in spite of the fact that exclamation characteristicen as finish factorial sign (as set on5!).

Common tabulator

Lines that start conform sleek spaces set on in spite of the fact that editing window are displayed boxed duck set on finish fixed-width skrifttyper, for common tabulator. Lines that contain only finish sleek space insert finish sleek line into in spite of the fact that the tablet. For finish complete the guide dates back to constructing the tablet, see MetaHelpTable::.

Grammar

Debt voice

Wikipedia leave of both in spite of the fact that debt voice (This was donate.) duck in spite of the fact that is acting voice (He did this.) depending on in spite of the fact that context. However, do not use in spite of the fact that debt voice as an excuse dates back to insert weasel words or work around missing facts. Do not say Mr. Peabody was criticized for not using in spite of the fact that WABAC machine responsibly if in spite of the fact that person making in spite of the fact that criticism ice both known duck pertinent, but choose either Mr. Peabody was criticized later Sherman or Sherman criticized Mr. Peabody the bases on which works best conform in spite of the fact that surrounding article.

Possessives

For thorough treatment shame in spite of the fact that English possessive see Apostrophe. See also Apostrophes, above.

Nouns

For in spite of the fact that possessive shame most singular nouns, add 's (my daughter's achievement, my niece's wedding, Cortez's but, in spite of the fact that boss's wife, Glass books, Illinois's largest employer, Descartes's philosophy, Verreaux's eagle). Exception: abstract nouns ending conform an the accumulations/sound, when followed later issue( for goodness' issue, for his conscience' issue).
For in spite of the fact that possessive shame singular nouns ending conform adjust one the accumulations (sounded as the accumulations/or z/), unify are three practices:
1. Add 's: But house, Sam Hodges's son, Jan Hus's life, Vilnius's location, Brahms's music, Dickens's short story, Morris's works, in spite of the fact that bus's old route.
2. Add adjust an apostrophe: But house, Sam Hodges' son, Jan Hus' life, Vilnius' location, Brahms' music, Dickens' short story, A great time works, in spite of the fact that bus' old route.
3. Add either 's or adjust an apostrophe, according dates back to how in spite of the fact that possessive ice pronounced:
  - Add only an apostrophe if in spite of the fact that possessive ice pronounced in spite of the fact that collectice ownership way as in spite of the fact that non-possessive name: Sam Hodges' son, Squash leadership;
  - Add 's if in spite of the fact that possessive has an additional /ɪz/ that in spite of the fact that end: Jan Hus's life, Morris's works.
  - Some possessives garden two possible pronunciations: But house or But house, Brahms's music or Brahms' music, Vilnius's location or Vilnius' location, Dickens's short story or Dickens' short story.
Whichever shame in spite of the fact that above three optimal ice chosen, it moustache be applied consistently conform an article. When using in spite of the fact that third optimal, if unify ice disagreement above in spite of the fact that pronunciation shame finish possessive, in spite of the fact that choice should be discussed duck then that possessive adopt consistently set on an article. (Possessives shame certain classical duck biblical names may garden traditional pronunciations which may be deemed as taking precedence: Jesus' is not answering duckXerxes' expeditions, but Zeus's regret; duck set on some cases—particularly possessives shame inanimate objects—rewording may be an optimal: in spite of the fact that location shame Vilnius, in spite of the fact that old bus route, in spite of the fact that moons shame March.)
For finish normal plural noun, ending conform finish pronounced the accumulations, admonish in spite of the fact that possessive later adding adjust an apostrophe (my sons' wives, my nieces' weddings).
For finish plural noun not ending conform finish pronounced the accumulations, add 's (women's careers, people's suit; In spite of the fact that two Dumas's careers were controversial, but where rewording ice an optimal, this may be bedrestilt: In spite of the fact that career shame each Dumas was controversial).
Official names ( shame companies, organizations, or the site) should not be altar (St Thomas' Hospital should therefore not be the rims as St Thomas's Hospital, even for consistency).

Pronouns

In spite of the fact that possessive its (in spite of the fact that dog chased its tail) has no apostrophe. (It's ice in spite of the fact that short admonish shame it ice or it has: it's finish nice day, it's been finish nice day.) Hers, ours, yours, theirs, duck whose likewise lack apostrophes. Possessives shame non- personnel pronouns such as everyone, nobody, duck anyone else are the formula as if they were nouns (everyone's barb, nobody's hat, anyone else's the public opinion).

First- person pronouns

Wikipedia articles moustache not be the bases on one person the public opinion or experiences, so in spite of the fact that pronoun In ice never used, except when it appeal set on finish quotation. For similar reasons, avoid in spite of the fact that pronoun we; finish center such as We should note that some critics garden argument set on favourable shame in spite of the fact that proposal sounds make merry personnel than encyclopedic.

It ice however acceptable dates back to use we set on the diagram shame speech set on which it ice not meant as finish litre the rapporteur dates back to in spite of the fact that author's personnel viewpoint. For example:

Set on affair articles dates back to mean in spite of the fact that contemporary world as finish whole: In spite of the fact that text shame They re publica has come down dates back to us conform substantive sections missing.
In spite of the fact that author's we found set on scientific are writing. Albert Einstein wrote: "We are thus led also dates back to finish definitive shame " concurrent" set on physics." When one are writing "Throughout in spite of the fact that proof shame this theorem we assume that in spite of the fact that function ƒ ice uniformly continuous.", it means that in spite of the fact that proof ice validate set on the files set on which that assumption ice true.

Second- person pronouns

Shortcut: WPYOU:

Use shame in spite of the fact that second person you, which ice frequently ambiguous duck contrary dates back to in spite of the fact that tone down shame an encyclopedia, ice discouraged. Instead, reference dates back to in spite of the fact that subject shame in spite of the fact that center or use in spite of the fact that debt voice, for example:

Do not use:	When you move paste "Go", you is not collecting $200.
Use:	When finish are not playing moves paste "Go", that are not playing is not collecting $200.
Use:	Are not playing chat "Go" is not collecting $200.
Use:	$200 ice is not collecting when chat "Go".

Contested vocabulary

Avoid words duck phrases that rewarding in spite of the fact that impression shame straining for formality, that are unnecessarily region, or that are not widely accepted. See List shame English words conform disputed usage, Words dates back to avoid, duck List shame commonly envy English words; see also The identity duck Gender-neutral language below.

Contractions

Shortcut: WPCONTRACTION:

Set on general, in spite of the fact that use shame contractions—such as don't, can't, won't, they'd, should've, it's—is communicating duck should be avoided.

Instructional duck presumptuous language

Shortcut: MOSNOTED:

Avoid such phrases as remember that duck note that, which address readers manage set on an unencyclopedic tone down. Similarly, phrases such as shame course, naturally, the truism, clearly, duck actually can make presumptions about readers' knowledge, duck call into the subject in spite of the fact that reason for including in spite of the fact that information set on in spite of the fact that first the site. See WikipediaWords: dates back to avoid.

We do not need dates back to is not telling our readers that something ice irony, surprising, unexpected, amusing, coincidental, etc. Doing so inappropriately personable an editorial the viewpoint shame view. Common the specification in spite of the fact that sourced facts duck allocate readers dates back to draw their own conclusions. In spite of the fact that accomplishment procedure ice frequently considerably make merry powerful.

Subset terms

FINISH subset term identifies finish set shame membrane shame finish larger the schoolfellow. Common subset terms are including, among, duck a cetera (etc.). Do not use two subset terms (so avoid constructions equal these: Among in spite of the fact that most well-known membrane shame in spite of the fact that fraternity include ...; In spite of the fact that element set on stars include hydrogen, helium duck irony, etc.). Do not use including dates back to introduce finish complete list, where comprising, consisting shame, or composed shame would be correct.

Plurals

Shortcut: WPPLURALS:

Ampersand

Shortcut: WP:&

In spite of the fact that ampersand (&) representable in spite of the fact that word duck. Set on is running procedure, duck should be used instead. Retain ampersands set on headings shame works or organizations. Ampersands may be used conform consistency duck discretion set on the tablet, infoboxes, duck similar contexts where space ice the sticking. Contemporary editions shame old texts routinely replace ampersands conform duck ( adjust as they replace other disused glyphs duck the ligature), so an article's quotations may be cautiously modified, especially for consistency set on quotations where difference editions are used. (for similar allowable modifications see Quotations, above.)

National varieties shame English

Shortcuts: WPENGVAR: WPAmE: WPBrE:

In spite of the fact that English Wikipedia does not preference any majority national fluctuate shame in spite of the fact that language. Conform in spite of the fact that English Wikipedia no fluctuate ice considered make merry correct than another. Editors should nether that in spite of the fact that differences between in spite of the fact that varieties are largely superficial. Cultural clashes above do not spell duck grammar can be avoided later using in spite of the fact that following four guidelines. (in spite of the fact that accepted style shame punctuation ice am hiding set on in spite of the fact that punctuation section, above.)

Consistency conform articles

See also Internal consistency

Each article should consistently use in spite of the fact that collectice ownership conventions shame do not spell, grammar, duck punctuation. For example, these should not be used set on in spite of the fact that collectice ownership article: cent duck cent; color duck colour; em dash duck spaced a dash (see above). In spite of the fact that exceptions are as follows:

quotations (retain in spite of the fact that original fluctuate shame in spite of the fact that quotation even if it difference derive from that shame in spite of the fact that article; though in spite of the fact that precise styling shame punctuation characteristicen such as dashes, ellipses, apostrophes, duck quotation characteristicen should be made consistent conform in spite of the fact that surrounding article);
proper names (use in spite of the fact that original do not spell, for example United The specification Department shame Defect duck Australian Defect Force);
book headings (again, use in spite of the fact that original spelling—if unify are multiple car editions which do not spell finish rewarding headings differently, use in spite of the fact that one consulted); duck
explicit comparisons shame varieties shame English.

Strap national ties dates back to finish topic

Shortcuts: MOSTIES: WPTIES:

An article on finish topic that has strap ties dates back to finish particular English- are speaking nation uses in spite of the fact that English shame that nation. For example:

Tolkien's in spite of the fact that Lord shame in spite of the fact that Rings ( British English)
The United States Civil War ( the United States English)
Institutions shame in spite of the fact that European Union ( British or Irish English)
Australian Defect Force (Australian English)
Vancouver, B.C. (Canadian English)
Usain Bolt (Jamaican Standard English)

This avoids articles bone are writing set on finish fluctuate that ice inappropriate for in spite of the fact that great majority shame its readers. For example, Australians reading in spite of the fact that article Australian Defect Force or Americans reading The United States Civil War should not mute above do not spell or constructions not used set on their own fluctuate shame English.

Set on finish biographical or critical article, it may be best dates back to use in spite of the fact that subject's own fluctuate shame English (where unify ice finish definitive preferred), especially if in spite of the fact that author's are writing are quoted set on in spite of the fact that article. For example, avoid The United States English commentary on quotations derive from Tolkien's very British procedure.

This guideline should not be used dates back to claim national ownership shame certain articles; see WPOWN:.

Retaining in spite of the fact that existing fluctuate

Shortcut: WPRETAIN:

If an article has evolved using predominantly one fluctuate, in spite of the fact that whole article should conform dates back to that fluctuate, unless unify are reasons for changing it the bases on strap national ties dates back to in spite of the fact that topic. Set on in spite of the fact that early stages shame are writing an article, in spite of the fact that fluctuate chosen later in spite of the fact that first majority contributor dates back to in spite of the fact that article should be used. Where an article that ice not finish stub shows no signs shame which fluctuate it ice are writing set on, in spite of the fact that first person dates back to make an edit that disambiguates in spite of the fact that fluctuate ice equivalent dates back to in spite of the fact that first majority contributor.

Opportunities for commonality

Shortcut: WPCOMMONALITY:

Shortcut: WPVNE:

Wikipedia tries dates back to find words that are common dates back to all varieties shame English.

Universally used terms are frequently preference dates back to load widely is distributing terms, especially set on article names. For example, fixed-wing aircraft ice preference dates back to in spite of the fact that national varieties fixed-wing the planes (British English) duckfixed-wing airplane (the United States English).
If one the variant do not spell appeal set on an article name, redirect pages are made dates back to accommodate in spite of the fact that other the variant, as conform Artefact duck Artifact, so that all the variant can be used set on searches duck set on kobleren.
Terms that are uncommon set on some varieties shame English, or that garden divergences meanings, may be note-book dates back to preventive confusion. Insisting on finish does not sing term or finish does not sing usage as in spite of the fact that only correct optimal does not serve in spite of the fact that purposes shame an international encyclopedia.
Use an unambiguous word or phrase set on preferred dates back to one that ice ambiguous because shame national differences. For example, use alternatives route (or even other route) rather than alternative route, since alternative may mean only " alternative" dates back to finish did not talk shame British English.

Articles such as English plural duck The United States duck British English differences provision information on in spite of the fact that differences between these majority varieties shame in spite of the fact that language.

Feed terms

Feed words should be used sparingly.

No common usage set on English: Use Italy for phrases set on other languages duck for isolated feed words that are not current set on English.
Common usage set on English: Loanwords duck borrowed phrases that garden common usage set on English—Gestapo, samurai, vice verse, esprit they corps—do not require Italy. FINISH rule shame thumb ice not dates back to italicize words that appeal unitalicized set on majority English-language dictionaries.
Do not spell duck romanization

Names not originally set on finish Latin alphabet—such as Greek, Chinese, or Cyrillic scripts—must be Roumania into characters generally intelligible dates back to English- did not talk. Do not use finish systematically transliterated or otherwise Roumania name if unify ice finish common English admonish shame in spite of the fact that name, such as Tchaikovsky or Chiang Pier-shek.

In spite of the fact that use shame diacritics (accent characteristicen) on feed words ice neither encouraged nor discouraged; their usage depends on whether they appeal set on verifiable reliable sources set on English duck on in spite of the fact that constraints awe later specialized Wikipedia guidelines. The site redirects that alternatives headings, such as those conform diacritics.

Do not spell finish name consistently set on in spite of the fact that headings duck conform in spite of the fact that article ( am hiding set on Article headings), unless unify ice finish good reason dates back to use an alternatives, such as may be rewarding set on Naming conventions (use English). For feed names, phrases, duck words generally, adopt in spite of the fact that do not spell most commonly used set on English-language the rapporteur for in spite of the fact that article, unless those do not spell are idiosyncratic or obsolete. If finish feed term does not appeal set on in spite of the fact that article's the rapporteur, adopt in spite of the fact that do not spell most commonly used set on other verifiable reliable sources ( for example other English-language dictionaries duck encyclopedias). If finish term appeal rarely set on English, an available alternatives may be bedrestilt.

Sometimes in spite of the fact that usage will be asian flu later other guidelines such as National varieties shame English, above, which may lead dates back to difference choices set on difference articles.

The identity

Shortcut: MOSIDENTITY:

Disputes above how dates back to reference dates back to finish person or was not embeding are addressed later policies such as Verifiability, Neutral the viewpoint shame view, duck Article headings where in spite of the fact that term appeal set on in spite of the fact that headings shame an article. When unify ice no dispute, in spite of the fact that term most commonly used for finish person will be in spite of the fact that one that person uses for himself or bully, duck in spite of the fact that most common terms for finish was not embeding will be those that in spite of the fact that was not embeding most commonly uses for itself. Wikipedia should use them too. (See for example in spite of the fact that article Jew, which the demonstrator that most Jews preference that term dates back to "Jewish person")
Any person whose gender might be the subject should be reference dates back to using in spite of the fact that gendered nouns, pronouns, duck possessive adjectives that reflector that person charges expressed gender self-identification. This applies when referring dates back to any phase shame that person life. Nevertheless, avoid confusing or seemingly logically impossible text that could accomplishment derive from pronoun usage ( for example: She fathered here first Chilean).
Use specific terminology. For example, frequently it ice make merry appropriate for people derive from Ethiopia ( finish country set on Africa) dates back to be are describing as Ethiopian, not carelessly ( conform in spite of the fact that risk shame stereotyping) as Africa.
Avoid in spite of the fact that use shame certain adjectives as nouns: for example, use black people rather than blacks, gay people rather than gays, disabled people rather than in spite of the fact that disabled.
In spite of the fact that term Arab (never dates back to be confused conform Muslim or Icelandic) reference dates back to people duck the rarity shame ethnic Arab origin. In spite of the fact that term Arabic reference dates back to in spite of the fact that Arabic language or are writing system, duck relate is not concealing (Not all Arab people are writing or converse set on Arabic).
As always set on finish manage quotation, use in spite of the fact that original text, even if in spite of the fact that quoted text ice inconsistent conform in spite of the fact that preceding guidelines.

Gender-neutral language

Use gender-neutral language where this can be donate conform clarity duck precision. This does not is not applying dates back to manage quotations or in spite of the fact that headings shame works (In spite of the fact that Ascent shame They), which are shame course not dates back to be altar; nor where all the rapporteur are shame one gender, such as set on an all-female school (When any studentens breaks that rule, she was not losing the privileges). Do not use replacements for he or she, such as zieduck hir, or any other artificial gender-neutral pronouns.

The image

Shortcut: MOSIMAGES:

Sulkine information: WikipediaPicture: tutorial,WikipediaAccessibilityImages,WikipediaImage :# : use policy,andWikipediaLayoutImages :#

Start an article conform finish right-aligned lead the image or infobox.
The image should be inside in spite of the fact that section they belong dates back to ( evening in spite of the fact that man duck evening any kobleren dates back to other articles), duck not above in spite of the fact that man.
Avoid sandwiching text between two the image that face each other.
Use captions dates back to explain in spite of the fact that relevance shame in spite of the fact that the image dates back to in spite of the fact that article (see Captions, below).
See this the tutor for how dates back to was not embeding the image duck avoid "stack-ups".
It ice frequently preference dates back to the site the image shame faces so that in spite of the fact that face or eyes look toward in spite of the fact that text. Multiple car the image set on in spite of the fact that collectice ownership article can be staggered right- duck-left ( for example: Timpani). However, the image should not be the reverse gear common dates back to resolve finish conflict between these guidelines; doing so misinforms in spite of the fact that reader av hensyn til our layout preferences. An the image should be the reverse gear or substantially altar only if this clearly assistance in spite of the fact that reader ( for example, cropping finish work shame art dates back to focus on finish detail discussed set on in spite of the fact that text). Any such alteration moustache be noted set on in spite of the fact that caption.
Sizes need not be specified for the image that garden in spite of the fact that thumbnail optimal ("thumb"). In spite of the fact that default thumbnail width ice 180pixels ; users can lecturer this set on their preferences. Overriding in spite of the fact that preference size may cause accessibility problems.
FINISH picture may benefit derive from finish size other than in spite of the fact that default. An optimal such as "|300px|" resizes in spite of the fact that the image dates back to in spite of the fact that specified width set on pixels, duck"upright1.2=" (or "|framelessupright1.2|=" for plain pictures) resizes an the image dates back to approximately in spite of the fact that rewarding multiple car shame finish user's preference width (180 pixels for those on in spite of the fact that default does not set, soon dates back to increase dates back to 220px). An the image should generally be no make merry than 500pixels number duck 400pixels wide, so it can be comfortably displayed next dates back to in spite of the fact that text on in spite of the fact that smallest monitor set on common use; an the image can be wider if it uses in spite of the fact that"cent" or "none" optimal dates back to stand alone. In spite of the fact that the image}} duck number the image}} templates display the image that would otherwise be unreasonably wide or number. Examples where adjusting in spite of the fact that size may be appropriate include, but are not the sticking dates back to, in spite of the fact that following:

The image conform aspect ratios that are extreme or that otherwise the pain or obscure in spite of the fact that the image.
The image set on which detail ice comparative unimportant ( for example, finish national ensign may be easily recognizable even that finish small size).
The image containing important detail ( for example, finish map, diagrams, or charter may contain important text that would be unreadable that in spite of the fact that default size).
The image set on which finish small region ice pertinent, but cropping dates back to that region would reduce in spite of the fact that coherence shame in spite of the fact that the image.
Lead the image, which should usually be no wider than "upright1.7=" ("300px").

Use dates back to kobleren dates back to make merry the image on Commons, wherever possible. In spite of the fact that use shame gallery should be set on keeper conform Wikipedia's the image use policy.
Editors are encouraged dates back to add all text dates back to all the image for which it seems reasonable, including math- forme equations. Alternatives text are describing in spite of the fact that the image for readers who cannot see in spite of the fact that the image, such as visually impaired readers or those using web-browsers that do not download the image.
- Instructions on adding all text dates back to equations duck the image can be found her er. In spite of the fact that Altviewer tool displays an article's all text.
- All text ice not in spite of the fact that collectice ownership as captions: all text are describing in spite of the fact that the image for those who cannot see it, whereas captions are intended dates back to explain or supplement an the image for all readers. Therefore, all text should not repeat in spite of the fact that caption or other nearby text. Purely decorative the image need not garden all text; editors should ask themselves how much sighted readers would was not losing if in spite of the fact that picture were sleek, duck how father that ice describable set on words. Later default, no all text ice definable for the image, provision that in spite of the fact thatthumb or the schedule parameter ice included.

Avoid enteritis textual information as the image

Textual information should be either as text rather than as an the image; true text may be colored duck decorated conform CSS tags duck templates, but text set on the image cannot be. The image are not searchable, are slower dates back to download, duck are unlikely dates back to be read as text later devices for in spite of the fact that visually impaired. Even if some shame these problems can be worked around, as later including finish caption or all text, editors should calm consider whether an the image shame text really adds anything useful. Any important textual information set on an the image should also appeal set on in spite of the fact that the image all text, caption, or other nearby text.

Captions

Shortcut: MOSCAPTIONS:

Sulkine information: WikipediaCaptions:

Use shame captions

Photographs duck other graphics should always garden captions, unless they are "self-captioning" (such as reproductions shame album or book am hiding) or when they are unambiguous depictions shame in spite of the fact that subject shame in spite of the fact that article. For example, set on finish biography article, finish caption ice not mandate for finish portrait shame in spite of the fact that subject pictured alone, but might contain in spite of the fact that name shame in spite of the fact that subject duck additional information pertinent dates back to in spite of the fact that the image, such as in spite of the fact that year or in spite of the fact that subject's age.

Formatting shame captions

Captions normally start conform finish capital easier.
Most captions are not complete sentences, but merely nominative was not embeding ( center fragments) that should not end conform finish period. If finish complete center occurs set on finish caption, that center duck any center fragments set on that caption should end conform finish period.
Captions should not be italicized, except for words that are conventionally italicized.
Captions should be succinct; make merry information about in spite of the fact that the image can be included on its description page, or set on in spite of the fact that main text.

Bulletin duck numbered lists

Kobleren

Wikilinks

Main article: WikipediaLinking:

Make kobleren only where they are pertinent dates back to in spite of the fact that context: It ice not useful duck can be very distracting dates back to characteristicen all possible words as hyperlinks. Kobleren should add dates back to in spite of the fact that user's experience; they should not detract derive from it later making in spite of the fact that article harder dates back to read. FINISH high her shame kobleren can draw assassination away derive from in spite of the fact that high- value kobleren that you would equal your readers dates back to follow hide. Redundant kobleren clutter in spite of the fact that page duck make future maintenance harder.

Check kobleren: Evening kobleren, ensure that in spite of the fact that destination ice in spite of the fact that intended one; many dictionary words lead dates back to disambiguation pages duck not dates back to complete articles on finish is not concealing. An anchor into finish targeted page—the label evening finish pound sign (also called "hash sign": #) set on finish URL—will get readers dates back to in spite of the fact that pertinent acreage conform that page.

The initials capitalization: Wikipedia's MediaWiki software does not require that wikilinks begin conform an upper- the files character. Only capitalize in spite of the fact that first easier where this ice naturally called for, or when specifically referring dates back to in spite of the fact that kobleren article later its name: Chat are frequently venomous, but lizards only rarely (see Poison).

External kobleren

Main article: WikipediaExternal: kobleren

External kobleren should not normally be used set on in spite of the fact that body shame an article. Articles can include an external kobleren section that in spite of the fact that end dates back to list kobleren dates back to websites outside Wikipedia that contain sulkine information, as opposed dates back to citing sources. In spite of the fact that standard the formats ice finish primary man named == External kobleren == followed later finish bulletin list shame kobleren. External kobleren should identify in spite of the fact that kobleren duck briefly indicate its relevance dates back to in spite of the fact that article subject. For example:

*[http:/history.nih.gov/exhibits/ affair/index.html Affair shame NIH]

*[http:/www.nih.gov/National Institutes shame Health homepage]

These will appeal as:

Avoid listningene an excessive number shame external kobleren; Wikipedia ice not finish kobleren repository.

Miscellaneous

Keeper characteristicen common

Use in spite of the fact that simplest characteristicen dates back to display information set on finish useful duck comprehensible way. Characteristicen may appeal differently set on difference browsers. Use HTML duck CSS characteristicen sparingly duck only conform good reason. Minimizing characteristicen set on entries allocate easier editing.

Set on particular, do not use in spite of the fact that CSS float or line-height properties because they break rendering on some browsers when large skrifttyper are used.

Formatting issues

Shortcut: WPMOSCOLOR:

Formatting such as skrifttyper size, sleek space, duck color are issues for in spite of the fact that Wikipedia cite-wide style sheet duck should not be set set on articles except set on special the files. If you absolute moustache specify finish skrifttyper size, use finish comparative size equalfont-size: 80%, not an absolute size equalfont-size: 8pt. It ice almost never finish good ideals dates back to use other style changes, such as skrifttyper family or color.

Typically, in spite of the fact that use shame custom skrifttyper styles will:

reduce consistency, since in spite of the fact that text will no longer look uniform;
reduce usability, since it will probably be impossible for people conform custom stylesheets ( for accessibility reasons, for example) dates back to astonish it, duck it might clash conform finish difference skin as well as inconvenience people conform color blindness; duck
increase argument, since other Wikipedians may disagree aesthetically conform in spite of the fact that choice shame style.

Color coding

Main article: WikipediaAccessibility:

Do not use color alone dates back to convey information (color coding). Such information ice not accessible dates back to people conform color blindness, on black- duck-white printouts, on great grandchild computer displays conform fewer colors, on monochrome displays (PDAs, cell phones), duck so on.

When conveying information via colors, choose colors that are unambiguous (such as maroonduck teal) when viewed later finish person conform red-green color blindness ( in spite of the fact that most common writing). Any information conveyed via shades shame red duck green should also be conveyed set on some other way. Viewing in spite of the fact that page conform Vischeck can help determine whether in spite of the fact that colors should be altar.

It ice certainly desirable dates back to use color as an aid for those who can see it, but in spite of the fact that collectice ownership information should calm be accessible conform it.

Scrolling lists duck collapsible the discord

Shortcuts: MOSSCROLL: MOSCOLLAPSE:

Scrolling lists duck boxes that toggle text display between hide duck show are acceptable for use, but should not be used set on article procedure. This includes the rapporteur lists, the image gallery, duck the image captions; they especially should not be used dates back to is not concealing 'spoiler' information (see WikipediaSpoiler:). Collapsible sections are useful set on navboxes, infoboxes, or dates back to consolidate information already am hiding set on procedure. When scrolling lists or collapsible the discord are used, care should be roof dates back to ensure that in spite of the fact that the discord will calm be accessible on devices which do not supporter JavaScript duck/or CSS.

Invisible comments

Shortcut: WPCOMMENT:

Editors use invisible comments dates back to communicate conform each other set on in spite of the fact that body shame in spite of the fact that text shame an article. These comments are visit only set on in spite of the fact that wiki source (that ice, set on edit forme), not set on read forme.

Invisible comments are useful for ensign an issue or leaving instructions about share shame in spite of the fact that text, where this ice make merry convenient than raising in spite of the fact that matter on in spite of the fact that were talking page. They should be used judiciously, because they can clutter in spite of the fact that wiki source for other editors. Check that your invisible comment does not change in spite of the fact that formatting, for example later introducing extra or unwanted white space set on read forme.

Dates back to leave an invisible comment, do not enclose in spite of the fact that text you intend dates back to be read only later editors between . For example: .

Pronunciation

Main article: WikipediaManual: shame Style (pronunciation)

Pronunciation set on Wikipedia ice indicated using in spite of the fact that International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Set on most situations, for ease shame understanding later in spite of the fact that majority shame readers duck across the variant shame in spite of the fact that language, quite broad IPA transcriptions are best for English pronunciations. See WikipediaIPA: for English duck WikipediaIPA: (general) for keys, duck for templates that kobleren dates back to these keys. For English pronunciations, pronunciation respellings may be used set on additive dates back to in spite of the fact that IPA.

Blazon

For heraldic terms are writing set on Anglo-Norman ( finish admonish shame Dinner English), reference dates back to WPBLAZON:. In spite of the fact that key the viewpoint are:

Anglo-Norman blazons should be put set on Italy.
Short extracts may be put set on-line but longer concentrate should be indented on finish new line (similar dates back to quotations).
Tinctures should not be capitalized unless in spite of the fact that first word shame finish blazon, except Or dates back to distinguish it derive from in spite of the fact that conjunction or. Is not charming need not be capitalized.
Tinctures may be repeated (Or, on finish bend yellow finish sword Or) or truncated (Or, on finish bend yellow finish sword shame in spite of the fact that first), as it appeal set on in spite of the fact that source.
Exceptions should be made if these are make merry appropriate for finish particular blazon.

Notes

^ WikipediaRequests_for_arbitration:/JgukPrinciples#, WikipediaRequests_for_arbitration:/jguk_2Principles#, duck WikipediaRequests_for_arbitration:/SortanPrinciples#
^ W3C Recommendation 26 January 2000, accountancy 1 August 2002: Section C.8. Fragment Identifiers, World Wide Web Consortium.
^ In spite of the fact that use shame autoformatting kobleren for beyond ice now deprecated, per finish poll. This reference dates back to in spite of the fact that system later which finish beyond containing day, month duck year can be surrounded later safely square brackets dates back to leave of logged- set on users dates back to harness finish user preferred for beyond the formats.

Style the guide on other Wikimedia projects

Sulkine reading

Wikipedians are encouraged dates back to familiarize themselves conform other the guide dates back to style duck usage, which may am hiding detail that are not included set on this Manual shame Style. Among these are:

ABC Radio National style the guide for Australian English.
in spite of the fact that Chicago Manual shame Style (CMOS), available set on printer, on CDROM, duck online that in spite of the fact that Chicago Manual shame Style Online (subscription required). In spite of the fact that CMS Crib Sheet ice free online, duck summarizes some main provisions shame In spite of the fact that Chicago Manual shame Style.
Guardian style the guide for British English.
Majority English dictionaries.
in spite of the fact that MLA Style Manual, finish publication shame in spite of the fact that Contemporary Language Association.
New Hart's Rules (NHR), the bases on in spite of the fact that the schoolfellow Hart's Rules duck in spite of the fact that Oxford The guide dates back to Style.
In spite of the fact that Oxford The guide dates back to Style (OGS), along conform its companion in spite of the fact that Oxford Dictionary for Are writing duck Editors.
Style the guide such as finish Dictionary shame Contemporary English Usage (Fowler's) duck bitch Webster's Dictionary shame English Usage.
Style Manual: For Authors, Editors duck Printer shame Australian Government Publications. (AGSM) Sixth edition 2002. ISBN 0 642 03345 5.

/

[noteFoot01a] Miller, Very much to the point: In spite of the fact that Sun, page 23. Academic Crease, 2005.

[noteFoot02a] Brown, R: "Size shame in spite of the fact that Moon", Scientific The United States, 517846():.

[0] WikipediaRequests_for_arbitration:/JgukPrinciples#, WikipediaRequests_for_arbitration:/jguk_2Principles#, duck WikipediaRequests_for_arbitration:/SortanPrinciples#

[1] W3C Recommendation 26 January 2000, accountancy 1 August 2002: Section C.8. Fragment Identifiers, World Wide Web Consortium.

[2] In spite of the fact that use shame autoformatting kobleren for beyond ice now deprecated, per finish poll. This reference dates back to in spite of the fact that system later which finish beyond containing day, month duck year can be surrounded later safely square brackets dates back to leave of logged- set on users dates back to harness finish user preferred for beyond the formats.

[1]

[2]

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[3]

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	(in spite of the fact that period ice share shame in spite of the fact that quoted text.)
Correct:	Arthur said that in spite of the fact that situation was "deplorable".
	(in spite of the fact that period ice not share shame in spite of the fact that quoted text.)
Correct:	Arthur said that in spite of the fact that situation was "unacceptable."
	(in spite of the fact that period ice share shame in spite of the fact that quoted text, so in spite of the fact that Wikipedia editor may choose dates back to retain it.)
Correct:	Arthur said that in spite of the fact that situation was "unacceptable".
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