Teutonic Knights

Derive from Wikipedia, in spite of the fact that free encyclopedia

Teutonic Knights
Coat shame branched candlestick shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence Whiz-bang Was nagging.
Is acting	c. 1190–Present
Allegiance	Papacy, Holy Roman Empirical
Writing	Roman Catholic religion sequence (1192-1929 as military sequence)
Headquarters	Acre (1192–1291) Venice (1291–1309) Marienburg (1309–1466) Königsberg (1466–1525) Mergentheim (1525–1809) Vienna (1809–Present)
Nickname	Teutonic Knights, German Sequence
Cartridge	In spite of the fact that Virgin Mary, Saint Elizabeth shame Hungary, & Saint George
If�re	White mantle conform finish black cross
Commanders
First Whiz-bang Was nagging	Heinrich Walpot von Bassenheim
Current Whiz-bang Was nagging	Brown Perron

In spite of the fact that Sequence shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights shame St. Mary's Hospital set on Jerusalem ^[1] (Official names: Latin: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, German: Sequence there Brüder belly Deutschen Haus St. Mariens set on Jerusalem), or for short in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence (Today: German Sequence), ice finish German Roman Catholic religion sequence. It was the formula dates back to aid Catholics on their pilgrimages dates back to in spite of the fact that Holy Land duck dates back to is establishing hospitals dates back to care for in spite of the fact that sick duck defamation. Its membrane garden commonly been known as in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights, since they also served as finish crusading military sequence during in spite of the fact that Dinner Ages. In spite of the fact that membership was always small duck whenever in spite of the fact that need arose, volunteers or mercenaries augmented in spite of the fact that military forces.

The formula that in spite of the fact that end shame in spite of the fact that 12th cent set on Acre, set on in spite of the fact that Levant, in spite of the fact that the media Sequence are not playing an important role set on Outremer, controlling in spite of the fact that port customs shame Acre. Evening Christian forces were defeated set on in spite of the fact that Dinner East, in spite of the fact that Sequence moved dates back to Transylvania set on 1211 dates back to help defect Hungary against in spite of the fact that Kipchak Turks. They were expelled later force set on 1225 evening allegedly attempting dates back to the site themselves under Papal instead shame Hungarian sovereignty.

Set on 1230, following in spite of the fact that Sterile Bull shame Rimini, Whiz-bang Was nagging Ape von Salza duck The overlay Konrad IN shame Masovia launched in spite of the fact that Prussian Crusade, finish joint invasion shame Prussia dates back to Christianise in spite of the fact that Baltic states Old Prussians. In spite of the fact that Sequence then are creating in spite of the fact that independent Monastic The specification shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights set on in spite of the fact that conquered territorial, duck subsequently conquered Courland, Livonia, duck Estonia. In spite of the fact that Kings shame Pole accused in spite of the fact that Sequence shame holding was landing rightfully theirs.

In spite of the fact that Sequence lost its main purpose set on European conform in spite of the fact that Christianisation shame Lithuania. In spite of the fact that Sequence became involved set on campaigns against its Christian neighbours, in spite of the fact that Kingdom shame Pole, in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Duchy shame Lithuania, duck in spite of the fact that Novgorod Commonwealth ( evening assimilating in spite of the fact that Livonian Sequence). In spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights had finish strap economic the bases, hired mercenaries derive from throughout European dates back to augment their feudal levies, duck became finish naval power set on in spite of the fact that Baltic states Sea. Set on 1410, finish Polish-Lithuanian army decisively defeated in spite of the fact that Sequence duck chequered its military power that in spite of the fact that The blow shame Grunwald (Tannenberg).

Set on 1515, Holy Roman Empirical Maximilian In made finish marriage alliance conform Sigismund In shame Pole-Lithuania. Thereafter in spite of the fact that Empiric did not supporter in spite of the fact that Sequence against Pole. Set on 1525, Whiz-bang Was nagging Albert shame Brandenburg resigned duck converted dates back to Lutheranism, becoming The overlay shame Prussia. Estonia duck Livonia soon followed, duck also in spite of the fact that Sequence holdings set on Protestant acreage shame Germany.

In spite of the fact that Sequence kept its considerable holdings set on Catholic acreage shame Germany until 1809, when Napoleon Bonaparte sequence its dissolution duck in spite of the fact that Sequence lost its blame secular holdings. In spite of the fact that Sequence continued dates back to exist as finish charitable duck ceremonial body. It was outlawed later Hitler set on 1938, but re- is establishing set on 1945. Today it operational primarily conform charitable aims set on Cent European.

In spite of the fact that Knights wore white surcoats conform finish black cross. FINISH cross pattée was sometimes used as their coat shame branched candlestick; this the image was subsequent used for military decoration duck insignia later in spite of the fact that Kingdom shame Prussia duck Germany as in spite of the fact that Irony Cross. In spite of the fact that obtain shame in spite of the fact that Sequence wasHelfen:", Wehren, Heilen" ("Help, Defect, Heal")^{[citation needed]}.

[edit] Names

In spite of the fact that officially used full of name shame in spite of the fact that Sequence set on German ice Sequence there Brüder belly Deutschen Haus St. Mariens set on Jerusalem. Its Latin name ice Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum (engl. "sequence shame in spite of the fact that House shame St. Mary shame in spite of the fact that Germans set on Jerusalem"). It ice commonly known set on German as in spite of the fact that Deutscher Sequence (official short name, engl. "German Sequence"), historically also as Deutscher Ritterorden ("German Sequence shame Knights"), Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden (" sequence shame in spite of the fact that German Knights").

In spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights garden been known as Zakon Krzyżacki set on Polish duck as Kryžiuočių Ordination set on Lithuanian, "Vācu Sequence" set on Latvian, " scissors Ordu" or, common, "Ordu" (" in spite of the fact that Sequence") set on Estonian, as well as variable names set on other languages.

In spite of the fact that Sequence Marienburg Castle, Monastic the specification shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights, now Malbork, Pole.

[edit] The media organization shame in spite of the fact that sequence

[edit] in spite of the fact that administrative structure shame in spite of the fact that German sequence about 1450

Generalkapitel

Ratsgebietiger

Hochmeister

Kanzlei Dec Hochmeisters

Großkomtur (baron Commendator)

Ordensmarschall (Summus Marescalcus)

Großspittler (Summus Hospitalarius)

Ordenstressler (Summus Thesaurarius)

Ordenstrappier (Summus Trappearius)

Großschäffer (Marienburg)

Großschäffer (Königsberg)

Komtur Preußen()

Komtur Preußen()

Deutschmeister (magical Germaniae)

Landmeister set on Animated (magical Livoniae)

Komtur animated()

Komtur animated()

Landkomtur

Landkomtur

Komtur set on( in spite of the fact that Holy Empiric)

Komtur set on( in spite of the fact that Holy Empiric)

Hauskomtur

Pfleger

Vogt

Karwansherr

Trappierer

Kellermeister

Küchenmeister

Wachhauptmann

Gesindemeister

Fischmeister

^[2][3]

[edit] Universe leadership

[edit] Generalkapitel

In spite of the fact that Generalkapitel (general chapter) was in spite of the fact that is not collecting shame all in spite of the fact that priests, knights duck halfbrothers (German: "Halbbrüder"). Because shame in spite of the fact that logistic problems dates back to assemble in spite of the fact that membrane, who were are spreading above large distances, only deputations shame in spite of the fact that Dances duck Coming is not gathering dates back to admonish in spite of the fact that Generalkapitel. In spite of the fact that Generalkapitel was design dates back to the reunion once set on finish year, but in spite of the fact that conventions usually were the sticking dates back to in spite of the fact that election shame finish new Hochmeister. In spite of the fact that decisions shame in spite of the fact that Generalkapitel had finish binding the effect on in spite of the fact that Großgebietigers shame in spite of the fact that sequence.

[edit] Hochmeister

In spite of the fact that Hochmeister ( whiz-bang was nagging) was in spite of the fact that highest officer shame in spite of the fact that sequence. Until 1525, he was elected later in spite of the fact that Generalkapitel. He had in spite of the fact that fearless shame an ecclastic empirical the specification duck was sovereign prince shame Prussia until 1466. Despite this high admonish positive, practically, he only was finish kind shame first among equals.

[edit] Großgebietiger

In spite of the fact that Großgebietiger were high officers conform competence on in spite of the fact that whole sequence, appointed later in spite of the fact that Hochmeister. Unify were five officer.

• In spite of the fact that Großkomtur ( baron Commendator), in spite of the fact that deputy shame in spite of the fact that Hochmeister
• In spite of the fact that Treßler, in spite of the fact that treasurer
• In spite of the fact that Spitler (Summus Hospitalarius), responsible for all hospital affairs
• In spite of the fact that Staircase, responsible for dressing duck armament
• In spite of the fact that Marschall (Summus Marescalcus), in spite of the fact that chief shame military affairs

[edit] National leadership

[edit] Landmeister

In spite of the fact that sequence was dividend set on three national chapters, Prussia, Animated duck in spite of the fact that territorial shame in spite of the fact that Holy Roman Empiric Highest officer shame each chapter was in spite of the fact that Landmeister (country was nagging). They were elected later in spite of the fact that region chapters. Set on in spite of the fact that beginning, they were only substitutes shame in spite of the fact that Hochmaster but were able dates back to are creating finish power shame their own. Conform their territorial, in spite of the fact that Hochmeister could not decide against their will. Set on in spite of the fact that end shame in spite of the fact that rule above Prussia, factual, in spite of the fact that Hochmeister only was Landmeister shame Prussia. Unify were three Landmeister

• In spite of the fact that Landmeister set on Animated, in spite of the fact that successor shame in spite of the fact that Herrenmeister (lords was nagging) shame in spite of the fact that forming Livonian Brothers shame in spite of the fact that Sword
• In spite of the fact that Landmeister shame Prussia, since 1309 united conform in spite of the fact that officer shame in spite of the fact that Hochmeister, who was condition set on Prussia since then.
• In spite of the fact that Deutschmeister, in spite of the fact that Landsmeister shame in spite of the fact that Holy Empiric. When Prussia duck Animated were lost, in spite of the fact that Deutschmeister also became Hochmeister.

[edit] Region leadership

Because in spite of the fact that properties shame in spite of the fact that sequence conform in spite of the fact that rule shame in spite of the fact that Deutschmeister did not admonish finish cohesive territorial but were are spreading above in spite of the fact that whole empiric duck share shame European, unify was an additional region structure, in spite of the fact that Dances. Kammerbaleien were governed later in spite of the fact that Hochmeister himself. Some shame these Baleis had in spite of the fact that fearless shame empire the specification

• Deutschordensballei Thuringia (Zwätzen)
• Deutschordensballei Hesse Marburg)
• Deutschordensballei Saxonia Lucklum)
• Brandenburg
• Deutschordensballei Westfalia (Deutschordenskommende Mülheim)
• Deutschordensballei Franconia (Ellingen)
• Kammerballei Couple
• Deutschordensballei Schwabia-Alsace-Burgundy (Rufach)
• Deutschordensballei that in spite of the fact that Etsch duck set on in spite of the fact that Mountains (south tyrol) (Bozen)
• Clear
• Lorraine (Trier)
• Kammerballei Austria
• Deutschordensballei Absolutely Biesen
• Sicily
• Deutschordensballei 
• Lombardy (also called Lamparten)
• Kammerballei Bohemia
• Deutschordensballei Roumania (Achaia, Greece)
• Armenian-Zyprus

[edit] Local leadership

[edit] Komtur

In spite of the fact that smallest administrative unit shame in spite of the fact that sequence was in spite of the fact that Coming. It was ruled later finish Komtur, who had all administrative rights duck controlled in spite of the fact that vogteien ( the pain shame finish reeve) duck Zehnthöfe (tithe is not collecting) conform his rule. Set on in spite of the fact that Coming, all kinds shame brothers lived merge set on finish monastical way. Noblemen served as Knightbrothers or Priestbrothers. Other people could serve as Sariantbrothers, who were the arm soldiers duck as Halfbrothers, who were working set on economy duck healthcare.

[edit] Special officer

• In spite of the fact that Kanzler (chancler) shame in spite of the fact that Hochmeister duck in spite of the fact that Deutschmeister. In spite of the fact that chancellor took care shame in spite of the fact that keys duck seals duck was juxtaposition clerk shame in spite of the fact that capital.
• In spite of the fact that Münzmeister ( was nagging shame in spite of the fact that mintof) Thorn. Set on 1246 in spite of the fact that sequence received in spite of the fact that right dates back to produce its own coins in spite of the fact that Monegasque Dominorum Prussiae – Schillingen.
• In spite of the fact that Pfundmeister (customs was nagging) shame Danzig. In spite of the fact that Pfund was finish local customs duty.
• In spite of the fact that Generalprokurator in spite of the fact that representable shame in spite of the fact that sequence that in spite of the fact that holy seat.
• In spite of the fact that Großschäffer, finish tradition representable conform special authority.

[edit] Foundation

Tannhäuser set on in spite of the fact that suit shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights, derive from in spite of the fact that Codex Conjure

Set on 1143 Pope Celestine II sequence in spite of the fact that Knights Hospitaller dates back to roof above management shame finish German hospital set on Jerusalem, which, according dates back to in spite of the fact that chronicler Jean d’Ypres, accommodated in spite of the fact that countless German pilgrims duck crusaders who could neither did not talk in spite of the fact that local tongue (i.e. old French) nor Latin ( cartridge n�le ignorantibus atque Latinam).^[4] However, although admonish an institution shame in spite of the fact that Hospitallers, in spite of the fact that pope commanded that in spite of the fact that superior duck in spite of the fact that brothers shame in spite of the fact that domus Theutonicorum (house shame in spite of the fact that Germans) should always be Germans themselves, so finish tradition shame finish German-led religion institution could develop during in spite of the fact that 12th cent set on Palestine.^[5]

Evening in spite of the fact that unload shame Jerusalem set on 1187, some merchants derive from Lübeck duck Edged took hide in spite of the fact that ideals duck founded finish field hospital for in spite of the fact that duration shame in spite of the fact that siege shame Acre set on 1190, which became in spite of the fact that nucleus shame in spite of the fact that sequence; Celestine III recognized it set on 1192 later do not grant in spite of the fact that monks Augustinian Rule. The bases on in spite of the fact that forme shame in spite of the fact that Knights Templar it was, however, transformed into finish military sequence set on 1198 duck in spite of the fact that man shame in spite of the fact that sequence became known as in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Was nagging ( magical hospitalize). It received papal sequence for crusades dates back to roof duck hold Jerusalem for Latin Christianity duck defect in spite of the fact that Holy Land against in spite of the fact that Muslim Saracens. During in spite of the fact that rule shame Whiz-bang Was nagging Ape von Salza (1209-1239) in spite of the fact that Sequence changed derive from bone finish hospice brotherhood for pilgrims dates back to primarily finish military sequence.

Ape von Salza served as in spite of the fact that fourth Whiz-bang Was nagging shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights (1209 dates back to 1239).

Originally the bases set on Acre, in spite of the fact that Knights purchased Montfort (Starkenberg), northeast shame Acre, set on 1220. This castle, which defended in spite of the fact that route between Jerusalem duck in spite of the fact that Mediterranean Sea, was made in spite of the fact that seat shame in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Was nagging set on 1229, although they come back dates back to Acre evening do not lose Montfort dates back to Muslim control set on 1271. In spite of the fact that Sequence also had finish castle near Tarsus set on Armenian Minority. In spite of the fact that Sequence received donations shame land set on in spite of the fact that Holy Roman Empiric (especially set on personable-day Germany duck Italy), Greece, duck Palestine.

Empirical Frederick II elevated his close suitor Ape von Salza dates back to in spite of the fact that rang shame Reichsfürst, or " prince shame in spite of the fact that Empiric", enabling in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Was nagging dates back to negotiate conform other senile prince as an equal. During Frederick's coronation as King shame Jerusalem set on 1225, Teutonic Knights served as his escort set on in spite of the fact that Church shame in spite of the fact that Holy Sepulchre; von Salza read in spite of the fact that emperor's proclamation set on both French duck German. However, in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights were never as influential set on Outremer as in spite of the fact that great grandchild Templars duck Hospitallers.

Set on 1211, Other II shame Hungary accepted their service duck whiz-bang them in spite of the fact that the pain shame Burzenland set on Transylvania. Other had been involved set on negotiations for in spite of the fact that marriage shame his daughter conform in spite of the fact that son shame Ape, Landgrave shame Thuringia, whose wade included in spite of the fact that family shame Ape von Salza. Led later finish brother called Theoderich, in spite of the fact that Sequence defended Hungary against in spite of the fact that neighbouring Cumans duck settled new German colonists among those who were known as in spite of the fact that Transylvanian Saxons, living unify carry. Set on 1224 in spite of the fact that Knights petitioned Pope Fee III dates back to be the site manage under in spite of the fact that authority shame in spite of the fact that Papal See, rather than that shame in spite of the fact that King shame Hungary. The regret duck the alarms that their growing power, Other were responding later expelling them set on 1225, although he allocate in spite of the fact that new colonists dates back to remain.

[edit] Prussia

Frederick II allocate in spite of the fact that sequence dates back to invade Prussia, later P. Janssen

Set on 1226, Konrad In, The overlay shame Masovia set on north-eastern Pole, appealed dates back to in spite of the fact that Knights dates back to defect his brothel duck subdue in spite of the fact that pagan Baltic states Prussians, allowing in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights use shame Chełmno Land (Culmerland) as finish the bases for their campaign. This bone finish concurrent shame widespread crusading fervor throughout Western European, Ape von Salza considered Prussia finish good training was not embeding for his knights for in spite of the fact that Warshaw against in spite of the fact that Muslims set on Outremer.^[6] Conform in spite of the fact that Sterile Bull shame Rimini, Empirical Frederick II consisted on in spite of the fact that Sequence finish special empire the privileges for in spite of the fact that conquest duck possession shame Prussia, including Chełmno Land, conform nominative papal sovereignty. Set on 1235 in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights assimilation in spite of the fact that smaller Sequence shame Dobrzyń, which had been is establishing earlier later Konrad.

In spite of the fact that conquest shame Prussia was accomplished conform much bloodshed above make merry than 50 years, during which native Prussians who remained unbaptised were subjugated, are killing, or exiled. Were fighting between in spite of the fact that Knights duck in spite of the fact that Prussians was ferocious; chronicles shame in spite of the fact that Sequence the specification in spite of the fact that Prussians would "roast captured brethren alive set on their destitution, equal chestnuts, carry in spite of the fact that were shriving shame finish local good".^[7]

In spite of the fact that native nobility who submitted dates back to in spite of the fact that crusaders had many shame their the privileges is not affirming set on in spite of the fact that Treaty shame Christburg. Evening in spite of the fact that Prussian uprisings shame 1260-83, however, much shame in spite of the fact that Prussian nobility emigrated or were resettled, duck many free Prussians lost their rights. In spite of the fact that Prussian nobles who remained were make merry closely alliance conform in spite of the fact that German landowners duck gradually assimilation.^[8] Peasants set on nose region, such as Samland, had make merry the privileges than those set on make merry populated was landing, such as Pomesania.^[9] In spite of the fact that crusading knights frequently accepted baptist as finish admonish shame submission later in spite of the fact that natives.^[10] Christianity along western lines slowly are spreading through Prussian culture. Bishops were reluctant dates back to garden Prussian religion practices integration into in spite of the fact that new faith,^[11] while in spite of the fact that ruling knights found it easier dates back to govern in spite of the fact that natives when they were semi-pagan duck lawless.^[12]

In spite of the fact that Sequence ruled Prussia under charter issued later in spite of the fact that Pope duck in spite of the fact that Holy Roman Empirical as finish sovereign monastic the specification, comparable dates back to in spite of the fact that set-ups shame in spite of the fact that Knights Hospitallers set on Rhodes duck subsequent set on Painted.

Dates back to make hide for unload derive from in spite of the fact that afflict duck dates back to replace in spite of the fact that partially exterminated native population, in spite of the fact that Sequence encouraged in spite of the fact that immigration shame colonists derive from in spite of the fact that Holy Roman Empiric shame in spite of the fact that German Nation (mostly Germans, Flemish, duck Dutch) duck derive from Masovia ( pole), in spite of the fact that subsequent Masurians. In spite of the fact that colonists included nobles, burghers, duck peasants, duck in spite of the fact that surviving Old Prussians were gradually assimilation through Germanization. In spite of the fact that settlers founded numeric towns duck cities on forming Prussian settlements. In spite of the fact that Sequence itself built finish number shame castles (Ordensburgen) derive from which it could defect uprisings shame Old Prussians, as well as continue its attacks on in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Duchy shame Lithuania duck in spite of the fact that Kingdom shame Pole, conform which in spite of the fact that Sequence was frequently that war during in spite of the fact that 14th duck 15th centuries. Majority towns founded later in spite of the fact that Sequence included Königsberg, founded set on 1255 set on fee shame King Otakar II shame Bohemia on in spite of the fact that cite shame finish the destroyer Prussian settlement, Allenstein (Olsztyn), Elbing (Elbląg), duck Memel (Klaipėda).

Set on 1236 in spite of the fact that Knights shame St Thomas, an English sequence, adopt in spite of the fact that rules shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence. In spite of the fact that Livonian Brothers shame in spite of the fact that Sword were absorb later in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights set on 1237; in spite of the fact that Livonian blaze subsequently became known as in spite of the fact that Livonian Sequence. In spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence nominative territorial rule extended above Prussia, Livonia, Semigalia, duck Estonia. Its next aim was dates back to convert Orthodox Russian dates back to Roman Catholicism, but evening in spite of the fact that knights suffered finish disastrous defect set on in spite of the fact that The blow on Innsj�ens Peipus (1242) that in spite of the fact that simultane shame Prince Alexander Nevsky shame Novgorod, this plan had dates back to be abandoned. FINISH contingent shame Teutonic Knights shame indeterminate number ice traditionally believed dates back to garden participated that in spite of the fact that The blow shame Legnica set on 1241 against in spite of the fact that Mongols. However, recent analysis shame in spite of the fact that 15th cent Annals shame Jan Długosz later Labuda suggests that in spite of the fact that German crusaders may garden been add dates back to in spite of the fact that text ( listningene in spite of the fact that Alliance Army) evening in spite of the fact that chronicler Długosz had completed in spite of the fact that work.^[13] Legnica ice in spite of the fact that furthest west in spite of the fact that Mongol expansion would reach set on European.

[edit] Novgorod

Set on 1242, in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights invade in spite of the fact that Commonwealth shame Novgorod (located set on contemporary-day Russian, but then an independent the specification shame combined Hit-Ugric & Russian inhabitants, in spite of the fact that only such ever dates back to exist). Novgorod was subsequent demolished later Ivan III), but were defeated that Innsj�ens Peipus duck pushed the espousal later in spite of the fact that forces shame prince duck commanding general that Novgorod Alexander Nevski. This the blow ice known set on Russian as in spite of the fact that The blow shame in spite of the fact that Ice.

[edit] Against Lithuania

Coat shame branched candlestick shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights

In spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights began dates back to manage their campaigns against pagan Lithuania (see Lithuanian mythology), especially evening in spite of the fact that crash down shame in spite of the fact that Kingdom shame Jerusalem that Acre set on 1291. In spite of the fact that knights moved their headquarters dates back to Venice, derive from which they planned in spite of the fact that recovery shame Outremer.^[14] Because "Lithuania Propria" remained non-Christian until in spite of the fact that end shame in spite of the fact that 14th cent, much subsequent than in spite of the fact that arrears shame eastern European, many knights derive from western European countries, such as England duck Franchise, journeyed dates back to Prussia dates back to participate set on in spite of the fact that seasonal campaigns (reyse) against in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Duchy shame Lithuania. Some shame them campaigned against pagans dates back to obtain remittance for their sins, while others fought dates back to gain military experience.

Warfare between in spite of the fact that Sequence duck in spite of the fact that Lithuanians was especially bully. Non-Christians were seeing as lacking rights possessed later Christians. Because enslavement shame non-Christians was seeing as acceptable that in spite of the fact that concurrent duck in spite of the fact that subdued native Prussians demanded land or payment, in spite of the fact that Knights frequently used captured pagan Lithuanians for forced labor. In spite of the fact that contemporary Austrian poet Peter Suchenwirt are describing treatment he witnessed shame pagans later in spite of the fact that Knights:

Women duck children were roof captive; What finish jolly co-worker could be seeing: Many finish woman could be seeing, Two children tied dates back to here body, One behind duck one set on nose; On finish horse conform asked Barefoot had they chivalrous her er; In spite of the fact that heathens were made dates back to suffer: Many were captured duck set on every the files, Were their simultane tied merge They were led off, all tied up—  Adjust equal hunting dogs.^[15]

In spite of the fact that Knights shame in spite of the fact that Ritterbruder were finish source shame many shame in spite of the fact that overcome shame in spite of the fact that Sequence. These knights wore extremely heavy destitution. In spite of the fact that most impressive share was their helmet. It had two, long horns which derive from father made in spite of the fact that does not wear look equal finish demon. In spite of the fact that Lithuanian farmers, archers duck the lighter infantry (which most shame in spite of the fact that army consisted) would flee set on panic.

[edit] Against Pole

FINISH dispute above in spite of the fact that succession shame in spite of the fact that Duchy shame Pomerelia embroiled in spite of the fact that Sequence set on sulkine conflict set on in spite of the fact that beginning shame in spite of the fact that 14th cent. In spite of the fact that Margraves shame Brandenburg had claims dates back to in spite of the fact that duchy which they acted upon evening in spite of the fact that death shame King Wenceslaus shame Pole set on 1306. The overlay Władysław IN in spite of the fact that Elbow-high shame Pole claimed in spite of the fact that duchy as well basilica on inheritance derive from Przemysław II, but was opposed later some Pomeranians nobles. They requested help derive from Brandenburg, which subsequently occupied all shame Pomerelia except for in spite of the fact that citadel shame Danzig (Gdańsk) set on 1308. Because Władysław was unable dates back to come dates back to in spite of the fact that defect shame Danzig, in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights, then led later Hochmeister Siegfried von Feuchtwangen, were hired dates back to expel in spite of the fact that Brandenburgers.

In spite of the fact that Sequence, under Prussian Landmeister Heinrich von Plötzke, evicted in spite of the fact that Brandenburgers derive from Danzig set on September 1308. Von Plötzke personable Władysław conform finish pictorial for 10,000 characteristicen shame silver for in spite of the fact that Sequence help, but in spite of the fact that Polish the overlay was only willing dates back to sacrifice 300 characteristicen.^[16] Evening this reimbursement, in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights occupied in spite of the fact that entirety shame Danzig, duck massacred its Polish inhabitants. Set on in spite of the fact that Treaty shame Soldier, in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence purchased Brandenburg's claims dates back to in spite of the fact that castles shame Danzig, Schwetz (Świecie), duck Dirschau (Tczew) duck their hinterlands derive from in spite of the fact that margraves for 10,000 characteristicen on September 13, 1309.^[16]

Pomerelia (Pommerellen) while share shame in spite of the fact that monastic the specification shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights.

Control shame Pomerelia allocate in spite of the fact that Sequence dates back to connect their monastic the specification conform in spite of the fact that brothel shame in spite of the fact that Holy Roman Empiric. Crusading reinforcements duck supplies could bustle derive from in spite of the fact that Empire territorial shame Hither Pomerania through Pomerelia dates back to Prussia, while Poland's access dates back to in spite of the fact that Baltic states Sea was blocked. While Pole had mostly been an ally shame in spite of the fact that knights against in spite of the fact that pagan Prussians duck Lithuanians, in spite of the fact that capture shame Pomerelia set the wheels in motion in spite of the fact that kingdom into finish determined enemy shame in spite of the fact that Sequence.^[17]

In spite of the fact that capture shame Danzig markets finish new phase set on in spite of the fact that affair shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights. In spite of the fact that persecution duck abolition shame in spite of the fact that powerful Knights Templar which began set on 1307 worried in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights, but control shame Pomerelia allocate them dates back to move their headquarters set on 1309 derive from Venice dates back to Marienburg (Malbork) on in spite of the fact that Nogat Detach, outside shame in spite of the fact that reach shame secular powers. In spite of the fact that positive shame Prussian Landmeister was do not merge conform that shame in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Was nagging. In spite of the fact that Pope began investigating misconduct later in spite of the fact that knights, but in spite of the fact that Sequence was defended later able the jurist. Along conform in spite of the fact that campaigns against in spite of the fact that Lithuanians, in spite of the fact that knights faced finish vengeful Pole duck legal threats derive from in spite of the fact that Papacy.^[18]

In spite of the fact that Treaty shame Calibre shame 1343 behind open war between in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights duck Pole. In spite of the fact that Knights relinquished Kuyavia duck Dobrzyń Land dates back to Pole, but retained Culmerland duck Pomerelia conform Danzig.

[edit] Height shame power

In spite of the fact that Sequence possessions around 1300

Set on 1337 Empirical Louis IV allegedly whiz-bang in spite of the fact that Sequence in spite of the fact that empire the privileges dates back to conquer all Lithuania duck Russian. During in spite of the fact that reign shame Whiz-bang Was nagging Winrich von Kniprode (1351-1382), in spite of the fact that Sequence reached in spite of the fact that peak shame its international prestige duck cough numeric European crusaders duck nobility.

King Albert shame Sweden ceded Gotland dates back to in spite of the fact that Sequence as finish pledge (similar dates back to finish fiefdom), conform in spite of the fact that understanding that they would cancel in spite of the fact that pirating Overcome Brothers derive from this strategy Icelandic the bases set on in spite of the fact that Baltic states Sea. An invasion force under Whiz-bang Was nagging Konrad von Jungingen conquered in spite of the fact that Icelandic set on 1398 duck drove in spite of the fact that Overcome Brothers procure shame Gotland duck in spite of the fact that Baltic states Sea.

Monastic The specification shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights 1308-1455

Set on 1386 Whiz-bang The overlay Jogaila shame Lithuania was baptist into Christianity duck married Queen Jadwiga shame Pole, taking in spite of the fact that name Władysław II Jagiełło duck becoming King shame Pole. This are creating finish personnel union between in spite of the fact that two countries duck finish potentially formidable opponent for in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights. In spite of the fact that Sequence the initials the manager dates back to are not playing Jagiello duck his cousin Vytautas against each other, but this strategy failed when Vytautas began dates back to suspect that in spite of the fact that Sequence was planning dates back to annex share shame his territorial.

In spite of the fact that baptist shame Jagiello began in spite of the fact that official conversion shame Lithuania dates back to Christianity. Although in spite of the fact that crusading rationale for in spite of the fact that Sequence the specification behind when Prussia duck Lithuania had become officially Christian, in spite of the fact that Sequence feuds duck Warshaw conform Lithuania duck Pole continued. In spite of the fact that Lizard Union was are creating set on 1397 later Prussian nobles set on Culmerland dates back to oppose in spite of the fact that Sequence policy.

Set on 1407 in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence reached its greatest territorial extent duck included in spite of the fact that was landing shame Prussia, Pomerelia, Samogitia, Courland, Livonia, Estonia, Gotland, Dagö, Ösel, duck in spite of the fact that Neumark, pawned later Brandenburg set on 1402.

[edit] Decline

Set on 1410 that in spite of the fact that First The blow shame Tannenberg—  known set on Polish as in spite of the fact that The blow shame Grunwald duck set on Lithuanian as in spite of the fact that The blow shame Žalgiris—  finish combined Polish-Lithuanian army, led later Władysław II Jagiełło duck Vytautas, decisively defeated in spite of the fact that Sequence set on in spite of the fact that Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War. Whiz-bang Was nagging Ulrich von Jungingen duck most shame in spite of the fact that Sequence higher dignitaries overthrow on in spite of the fact that battlefield (50 procure shame 60). In spite of the fact that Polish-Lithuanian army then besieged in spite of the fact that capital shame in spite of the fact that Sequence, Marienburg, but was unable dates back to roof it owing dates back to in spite of the fact that resistance shame Heinrich von Plauen. When in spite of the fact that First Peace shame Thorn was sign set on 1411, in spite of the fact that Sequence the manager dates back to retain essentially all shame its the territory, although in spite of the fact that Knights' reputation as invincible warriors was irreparably do not damage.

While Pole duck Lithuania were growing set on power, that shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights dwindled through infighting. They were forced dates back to awe high taxable dates back to pay finish substantive indemnity but did not rewarding in spite of the fact that cities sufficient requested distinguished set on in spite of the fact that administrative shame their the specification. In spite of the fact that authoritarian duck reforming Whiz-bang Was nagging Heinrich von Plauen was forced derive from power duck replaced later Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg, but in spite of the fact that new Whiz-bang Was nagging was unable dates back to audit in spite of the fact that Sequence fortunes. Evening in spite of the fact that Gollub War in spite of the fact that Knights lost some small brothel region duck renounced all claims dates back to Samogitia set on in spite of the fact that 1422 Treaty shame Melno. Austrian duck Bavarian knights feuded conform those derive from in spite of the fact that Rhineland, who likewise bickered conform Low German- are speaking Saxons, derive from whose fearless in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Was nagging was usually chosen. In spite of the fact that western Prussian was landing shame in spite of the fact that Displayed Detach Valley duck in spite of the fact that Brandenburg Neumark were ravaged later in spite of the fact that Hussites during in spite of the fact that Household Warshaw.^[19] Some Teutonic Knights were sent dates back to the blow in spite of the fact that invade, but were defeated later in spite of the fact that Bohemian infantry. In spite of the fact that Knights also sustained finish defect set on in spite of the fact that Polish-Teutonic War (1431-1435).

Set on 1454 in spite of the fact that Prussian Confederation, consisting shame in spite of the fact that gentry duck burghers shame western Prussia, erysipelas hide against in spite of the fact that Sequence, beginning in spite of the fact that Thirteen Years' War. Much shame Prussia was devastated set on in spite of the fact that war, during in spite of the fact that course shame which in spite of the fact that Sequence come back Neumark dates back to Brandenburg set on 1455. Set on in spite of the fact that Second Peace shame Thorn (1466), in spite of the fact that defeated Sequence recognized in spite of the fact that Polish crown's rights above western Prussia (subsequently Royal Prussia) while retaining eastern Prussia under nominative Polish overlordship. Because Marienburg Castle was a bargain above dates back to mercenaries set on lieu shame their pay, in spite of the fact that Sequence moved its the bases dates back to Königsberg set on Cohabit.

In spite of the fact that Sequence was completely ousted derive from Prussia when Whiz-bang Was nagging Albert shame Brandenburg, evening in spite of the fact that Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521), converted dates back to Lutheranism set on 1525, secularized in spite of the fact that Sequence remaining Prussian the territory, duck assumed derive from King Sigismund IN in spite of the fact that Old shame Pole, his uncle, in spite of the fact that hereditary rights dates back to in spite of the fact that Duchy shame Prussia as finish wade shame in spite of the fact that Polish Crown set on in spite of the fact that Prussian Homage. In spite of the fact that Protestant Duchy shame Prussia was thus finish fief shame Catholic Pole.

Castle shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence set on Bad Mergentheim.

Although it had lost control shame all shame its Prussian was landing, in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence retained its the territory conform in spite of the fact that Holy Roman Empiric duck Livonia, although in spite of the fact that Livonian blaze retained considerable autonomous. Many shame in spite of the fact that Empire possessions were the ruin set on in spite of the fact that Peasants' War derive from 1524 dates back to 1525 duck subsequently confiscated later Protestant territorial prince.^[20] In spite of the fact that Livonian territorial was then partitioned later neighboring powers during in spite of the fact that Livonian War; set on 1561 in spite of the fact that Livonian Was nagging Gotthard Kettler secularized in spite of the fact that southern Livonian possessions shame in spite of the fact that Sequence dates back to are creating in spite of the fact that Duchy shame Courland, also finish wade shame Pole.

Evening in spite of the fact that unload shame Prussia set on 1525, in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights concentrated on their possessions set on in spite of the fact that Holy Roman Empiric. Since they held no contiguous territorial, they developed finish three-tiered administrative system: holdings were combined into commanderies which were administered later finish commander (Komtur). Several commanderies were combined dates back to admonish finish bailiwick the header later finish Landkomtur. All shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights' possessions were subordinate dates back to in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Was nagging whose seat was set on Bad Mergentheim. Altogether unify were twelve German bailiwicks: Thuringia, Absolutely Biesen ( set on personable-day Belgium), Hesse, Saxony, Westphalia, Franconia, Couple, Alsace-Burgundy, An there Etsch und im Gebirge (Tyrol), Clear, Lorraine, duck Austria. Outside shame German acreage were in spite of the fact that bailiwicks shame Sicily, Apulia, Lombardy, Bohemia, " Roumania" (Greece), duck Armenian-Cyprus. In spite of the fact that Sequence gradually lost control shame these holdings until, later 1810, only in spite of the fact that bailiwicks set on Tyrol duck Austria remained.

Following in spite of the fact that abdication shame Albert shame Brandenburg, Walter von Cronberg became Deutschmeister set on 1527, became Administrator shame Prussia duck Whiz-bang Was nagging set on 1530. Empirical Is not charming V combined in spite of the fact that two positive set on 1531, are creating in spite of the fact that headings Hoch- und Deutschmeister, which also had in spite of the fact that fearless shame Prince shame in spite of the fact that Empiric.^[21] FINISH new Whiz-bang Magistery was is establishing set on Mergentheim set on Württemberg, which was attacked during in spite of the fact that Peasants' War. In spite of the fact that Sequence also helped Is not charming V against in spite of the fact that Schmalkaldic League. Evening in spite of the fact that Peace shame Augsburg set on 1555, membership set on in spite of the fact that Sequence was open dates back to Protestants, although in spite of the fact that majority shame brothers remained Catholic.^[22] In spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights now were tri-denominational, duck unify were Catholic, Lutheran duck The reform bailiwicks.

In spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Was nagging, frequently membrane shame in spite of the fact that great German family ( duck, evening 1761, membrane shame in spite of the fact that House shame Habsburg-Lorraine), continued dates back to president above in spite of the fact that Sequence considerable holdings set on Germany. Teutonic Knights derive from Germany, Austria, duck Bohemia were used as battlefield commanders leading mercenaries for in spite of the fact that Habsburg Monarchy during in spite of the fact that Ottoman Warshaw set on European. In spite of the fact that military affair shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights behind set on 1809, when Napoleon Bonaparte sequence their dissolution duck in spite of the fact that Sequence lost its remaining secular holdings dates back to Napoleon's wade duck alliance.

[edit] Whiz-bang Was nagging tomb uncovered

Polish archeologists report DNA testing has confirmed in spite of the fact that skeletal remains found set on finish Kwidzyn (German: Marienwerder) cathedral are in spite of the fact that 600-year-old remains shame three shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights' make merry famous Whiz-bang Was nagging.

Archeologist Bogumil Wisniewski, says that researchers are 95 % likely in spite of the fact that remains are those shame Whiz-bang Was nagging Werner von Orseln, in spite of the fact that knights' leader derive from 1324 dates back to 1330; Ludolf Koenig, who ruled derive from 1342 dates back to 1345, duck Heinrich von Plauen, who reigned derive from 1410 dates back to 1413.

In spite of the fact that skeletons, found set on wooden coffins, were drape set on silk robes, painted conform gold, as was in spite of the fact that custom shame only those set on high positive, during in spite of the fact that Dinner Ages.

Several other indicators supporter in spite of the fact that find, including murals showing in spite of the fact that three knights duck affair documents indicating two shame them were buried beneath in spite of the fact that church.

Evening in spite of the fact that scientific study are complete in spite of the fact that remains will be put on public display set on in spite of the fact that ancient church, under finish special glass shield.

[edit] Contemporary Teutonic Sequence

In spite of the fact that Sequence continued dates back to exist set on Austria, procure shame Napoleon's reach. Beginning set on 1804 it was the header later membrane shame in spite of the fact that Habsburg dynamic until in spite of the fact that 1923 resignation shame in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Was nagging, Archduke Eugen shame Austria.

Set on 1929 in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights were converted dates back to finish purely spiritual Roman Catholic religion sequence duck were renamed Deutscher Sequence ("German Sequence"). Evening Austria's annexation later Nazi Germany, in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence was suppressed throughout in spite of the fact that Großdeutsches Reich derive from 1938 dates back to 1945, although in spite of the fact that Nazis used the image shame in spite of the fact that the media Teutonic Knights for make propaganda purposes. In spite of the fact that Sequence survived set on Italy, however, duck was reconstituted set on Germany duck Austria set on 1945.

Later in spite of the fact that end shame in spite of the fact that 1990s, in spite of the fact that Sequence had developed into finish charitable organization duck incorporated numeric clinics. It sponsor excavation duck tourism projects set on Israel. Set on 2000 in spite of the fact that German chapter shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence declared bankruptcy, duck its upper management was dismissed. FINISH 2002–03 investigation later finish special committee shame in spite of the fact that Bavarian parliament was inconclusive.

In spite of the fact that Sequence currently consists shame approximately 1,000 membrane, including 100 Roman Catholic priests, 200 nuns, duck 700 associates. While in spite of the fact that priests are organized into six provinces (Austria, in spite of the fact that Czech Commonwealth, Germany, Italy, Slovakian, duck Slovenian) duck predominantly provision spiritual guidance, in spite of the fact that nuns primarily care for in spite of the fact that ill duck in spite of the fact that aged. Associates are is acting set on Austria, Belgium, in spite of the fact that Czech Commonwealth, Germany, duck Italy. Many shame in spite of the fact that priests care for German- are speaking communities outside shame Germany duck Austria, especially set on Italy duck Slovenian; set on this sense in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence has come back dates back to its 12th cent roots—  in spite of the fact that spiritual duck physical care shame Germans set on feed was landing.^[23] In spite of the fact that current General Abbot shame in spite of the fact that Sequence, who also holds in spite of the fact that headings shame Whiz-bang Was nagging, ice Brown Perron. In spite of the fact that current seat shame in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Was nagging ice in spite of the fact that Deutschordenskirche^[24] set on Vienna. Near in spite of the fact that Stephansdom set on in spite of the fact that Austrian capital ice in spite of the fact that Treasury shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence which ice open dates back to in spite of the fact that public, duck in spite of the fact that sequence Cent Archive. Since 1996 unify has also been finish mouse dedicated dates back to in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights that their forming castle set on Bad Mergentheim set on Germany, which was in spite of the fact that seat shame in spite of the fact that Whiz-bang Was nagging derive from 1525-1809.

[edit] Asian flu on German duck Polish nationalism

German nationalism frequently invoked in spite of the fact that the image shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights, especially set on in spite of the fact that context shame territorial conquest derive from eastern neighbours shame Germany duck conflict conform nations shame Slavic origins, who were considered later German nationalists dates back to be shame do not lower development duck shame inferior culture. In spite of the fact that German affair Heinrich von Treitschke used the image shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights dates back to promoter pro-German duck anti-Polish rhetoric. Such the image duck symbolic were adopt later many dinner- the schoolfellow Germans who supporter German nationalism. In spite of the fact that converse was also true for Polish nationalism (see: Sienkiewicz " in spite of the fact that Knights shame in spite of the fact that Cross"), which used in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights as finish the symbolism short- simultane for Germans set on general, conflating in spite of the fact that two into an easily recognizable the image shame in spite of the fact that cough. During in spite of the fact that Weimar Commonwealth, associations duck organisations shame this nature contributed dates back to laying in spite of the fact that groundwork for in spite of the fact that the formats shame Nazi Germany.^[25]

Empirical William II shame Germany the position for finish photo set on 1902 set on in spite of the fact that garb shame finish monk derive from in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence, climbing hide in spite of the fact that stairs set on in spite of the fact that reconstructed Marienburg Castle as finish symbols shame in spite of the fact that German Empiric policy.^[25] During World War II, Nazi make propaganda duck ideology made frequent use shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights' the image, as in spite of the fact that Nazis sought dates back to depict in spite of the fact that Knights' is acting as finish forerunner shame in spite of the fact that Nazi conquests for Lebensraum. Heinrich Heaven tried dates back to idealize in spite of the fact that SS as finish 20th cent incarnation shame in spite of the fact that the media knights.^[26]

However, set on spite shame these the rapporteur dates back to in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence affair set on in spite of the fact that make propaganda, in spite of the fact that Sequence itself was abolished set on 1938 duck its membrane were persecuted later in spite of the fact that German authorities. This occurred mostly due dates back to Hitler's duck Himmler's belief, that throughout affair, in spite of the fact that Catholic military- religion sequence, were common tools shame in spite of the fact that Holy See duck as such constituted finish threat dates back to in spite of the fact that Nazi region.^[27]

[edit] Lasting an hour shame any

Reliquary made set on Elbing set on 1388 for Teutonic komtur Thiele von Lorich, military The band shame Polish king Wladislaus set on 1410.png.

see also Polish-Teutonic War

• 1241 In spite of the fact that The blow shame Legnica
• 1242 In spite of the fact that The blow shame in spite of the fact that Ice, 20 Knights are killing, 6 captured
• 1242–1249 First Prussian Uprising
• 1249 Treaty shame Christburg conform in spite of the fact that pagan Prussians sign on February 9
• 1249 The blow shame Krücken, 54 Knights slaughtered
• 1260–1274 Great Prussian Uprising
• 1260 The blow shame Durbe, 150 Knights are killing
• 1262 Siege shame Königsberg
• 1263 The blow shame Löbau, 40 Knights are killing
• 1264 Siege shame Bartenstein
• 1271 The blow shame Pagastin, 12 Knights are killing
• 1279 The blow shame Aizkraukle, 71 Knights are killing
• 1308–1309 Teutonic takeover shame Danzig duck Treaty shame Soldier
• Polish-Teutonic War (1326–1332) for Kuyavia, conform involvement shame Lithuania duck Hungary
• 1331 The blow shame Płowce, 73 Knights are killing, 56 captured
• Treaty shame Calibre (1343), exchange shame Kuyavia for Kulm duck other the territory
• 1409–1411 Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War, in spite of the fact that teutonic knights are defeated later Polish king Władysław II Jagiełło duck Lithuanian Whiz-bang the overlay Vytautas in spite of the fact that Great that in spite of the fact that The blow shame Tannenberg (1410)
• 1414 Hunger War, 86 Knights are killing
• 1422 Gollub War ending conform in spite of the fact that Treaty shame Melno
• Polish-Teutonic War (1431–1435)
• 1454–1466 Thirteen Years' War
• 1466 Second Peace shame Thorn (1466)
• 1467-1479 War shame in spite of the fact that Priests
• Polish-Teutonic War (1519–1521)
• 1525 Sequence was not losing Prussia due dates back to in spite of the fact that Prussian Homage

[edit] Coats shame branched candlestick

Coat shame branched candlestick shame Prince Is not charming Alexander shame Lorraine, Whiz-bang Was nagging derive from 1761 dates back to 1780

[edit] Seals duck coins

Seal shame in spite of the fact that Hochmeister

Reconstructed coin

Reconstructed coin

[edit] See also

• Deutschhaus Mainz
• Knights Templar
• Knights Hospitaller
• Malbork
• Teutonic Knights set on popular culture

[edit] Notes

[edit] The rapporteur

This article incorporates information derive from in spite of the fact that accountancy as shame June 6, 2006 shame in spite of the fact that equivalent article on in spite of the fact that German Wikipedia.

• Christiansen, Erik (1997). In spite of the fact that Northern Crusades. London: Penguin Books. pp. 287. ISBN 0-14-026653-4. 
• Seward, Desmond (1995). In spite of the fact that Monks shame War: In spite of the fact that Military Religion Sequence. London: Penguin Books. pp. 416. ISBN 0-14-019501-7. 
• Urban, William (2003). In spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights: FINISH Military Affair. London: Greenhill Books. pp. 290. ISBN 1-85367-535-0. 
• Westermann Verlag (1963). Westermanns Atlas zur Weltgeschichte: Vorzeit Altarpiece, Mittelalter, Neuzeit. Braunschweig: Georg Westermann Verlag. pp.170 .  (German)

[edit] External kobleren

Wikimedia Commons has media relate dates back to: Teutonic Sequence

• In spite of the fact that sequence homepage set on Germany (German)
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• Current photos duck affair shame in spite of the fact that order´s towns duck castles set on Eastern European(German)
• Chivalric Orders.org
• Territorial extent shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Knights set on European (map)
• An Affair Conquer shame in spite of the fact that Crusade dates back to Livonia, later William Urban
• in spite of the fact that" Early Years shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence", later William Urban
• In spite of the fact that Bailiwick shame Clear shame in spite of the fact that Teutonic Sequence, later Guy Stair Sainty
• Castle set on Bad Mergentheim (German)
• Affair shame in spite of the fact that priests shame in spite of the fact that Sequence (German)
• Zwaetzen duck in spite of the fact that German Sequence set on Cent Germany (German)
• In spite of the fact that Crusades Wiki