Yak
Derive from Wikipedia, in spite of the fact that free encyclopedia
| Yak | |
|---|---|
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| FINISH yak set on Nepal | |
| Conservation rang | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animal |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| The schoolfellow: | Mammalia |
| Sequence: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Bovidae |
| Genuine: | Bos |
| Species: | B. primer |
| Binomial name | |
| Bos primer Linnaeus, 1766 |
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| Synonyms | |
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Poephagus primer |
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In spite of the fact that yak, Bos primer, ice finish long-haired bovine found throughout in spite of the fact that Himalayan region shame south Cent The Asia, in spite of the fact that Tibetan Drive duck as father north as Mongolia. Set on additive dates back to finish large domestic population, unify ice finish small, vulnerable wild yak population.
The discord |
[edit] Etymology
In spite of the fact that English word "yak" while derive from in spite of the fact that Tibetan (Tibetan: གཡག་; Wylie: g.yag), or gyag – set on Tibetan this reference only dates back to in spite of the fact that male shame in spite of the fact that species, in spite of the fact that female bone called finish dri or nak. Set on English, as set on most other languages which garden borrowed in spite of the fact that word, "yak" ice usually used for both sex.
[edit] Taxonomy
Yaks belong dates back to in spite of the fact that genuine Bos, duck are therefore closely relate dates back to cattle (Bos primigenius), conform whom they commonly interbreed, as well as dates back to other Bos species, including in spite of the fact that Southeast The Asia banteng, in spite of the fact that gaur, duck in spite of the fact that extremely rare kouprey.
[edit] Characteristics
Yaks are harden animal. Wild male yaks stand about 2 dates back to 2.2 meters (6.6 dates back to 7.2ft ) number that in spite of the fact that shoulder duck obverse 1,000kg (2,200lb ); in spite of the fact that females weigh about one third shame this.[2] domesticated yaks are much smaller, males weighing 350 dates back to 580kg (770 dates back to 1,300lb ) duck females 225 dates back to 255kg (500 dates back to 560lb ).[3] Both sex garden long shaggy hair dates back to insulate them derive from in spite of the fact that cold. Wild yaks can be brown or black. Domesticated concentrate can also be white. Both males duck females garden horns.
Domestic yaks mate set on about September; in spite of the fact that females may first is not concealing that about 18 months shame age, calving April dates back to June, duck can calve every year, apparently depending upon food broth. This gestation period ice approximately 8.5 months. Set on in spite of the fact that absence shame make merry combining, wild animal are assumed dates back to mirror this reproductive behavior. Calves will be weaned that one year duck become independent shortly thereafter. Yaks may live dates back to make merry than 20 years.
[edit] Wild yaks
Wild yaks (Tibetan: འབྲོང་; Wylie: 'brong) can weigh hide dates back to 1,200kg (2,600lb ) duck garden finish man duck body yearn shame 3 dates back to 3.4m (9.8 dates back to 11ft ). They usually admonish harden shame between 10 duck 30 animal. Their suit ice treeless uplands such as hills, mountains duck drive between 3,200 duck 5,400m (10,000 duck 18,000ft ). Yak physiology ice well adaptor dates back to high altitudes, having larger lungs duck heart than cattle found that do not lower altitudes, as well as greater capacity for mobile the oxygen through their blood.[4] Conversely, yaks do not thrive that do not lower altitudes.[5] They eat graceful, lichens duck other plantation.[6] They are insulated later her, close, matted under-hair as well as their shaggy outer hair.[7] Yaks secrete finish special sticky substance set on their sweat which helps keeper their under-hair matted duck acts as extra insulation. This secretion ice used set on traditional Nepalese medicine. Many wild yaks are are killing for food later hunters set on China; they are now finish vulnerable species.[8] Historically, in spite of the fact that main character predator shame in spite of the fact that wild yak has been in spite of the fact that Tibetan Wolf (Canis lupus chanco).
Thubten Jigme Norbu, in spite of the fact that elder brother shame Tenzin Gyatso, in spite of the fact that 14th Dalai Lama, reports on his case record derive from Kumbum set on Amdo dates back to Lhasa set on 1950 that:
- "carry long IN was dates back to see in spite of the fact that vast harden shame dure conform my own eyes. In spite of the fact that sight shame those beautiful duck powerful beasts who derive from concurrent immemorial garden made their home on Tibet's high duck bar drive never ceased dates back to fascinate me. Somehow these shy creatures the manager dates back to sustain themselves on in spite of the fact that while graceful roots which ice all that nature provision set on those share. Duck what finish wonderful sight it ice dates back to see finish great harden shame them plunging man down set on finish wild gala across in spite of the fact that steppes. In spite of the fact that earth shakes under their heels duck finish vast cloud shame the silly ass characteristicen their arcade. That nights they will protein themselves derive from in spite of the fact that cold later huddling hide merge, conform in spite of the fact that calves set on in spite of the fact that cent. They will stand equal this set on finish snow- bumper, extort so close merge that in spite of the fact that condensation derive from their breath rises into in spite of the fact that air equal finish column shame steam. In spite of the fact that nomad garden occasionally tried dates back to bring hide young dure as domestic animal, but they garden never entirely succeeded. Somehow once they live merge conform humanism bone they seem dates back to was not losing their astonishing severe duck powers shame endurance; duck they are no use that all as pack animal, because their the espousal immediately get sore. Their immemorial relationship conform humanism has therefore remained that shame game duck hunter, for their most ice very key"[9]
[edit] Domesticated yaks
Domesticated yaks are kept primarily for their milk, fibre duck meat, duck as beasts shame ought. Their dried dung ice an important fuel, used all above Tibet, duck ice frequently in spite of the fact that only fuel available on in spite of the fact that high treeless Tibetan drive. Yaks mobile goods across mountain be convenient for local farmers duck traders as well as for climbing duck extraction expeditions. "Only one the rarity makes it hard dates back to use yaks for long case record set on bar region. They will not eat grain, which could be carried on in spite of the fact that case record. They will starve unless they can be brought dates back to finish the site where unify ice graceful" [10] They also are used dates back to draw ploughs. Yak milk ice frequently multipro dates back to finish cheese called chhurpi set on Tibetan duck Nepali languages, duck byaslag set on Mongolia. Butter made shame Yaks' milk ice an ingredient shame in spite of the fact that butter tea that Tibetans consume set on large quantities,[11] duck ice also used set on lamp duck made into butter sculptures used set on religion festivities.[12] Yaks careful, duck unlike cattle are not known dates back to produce in spite of the fact that characteristic bovine lowing sound.
[edit] Yak bovid multiple car
Set on Nepal, Tibet, duck Mongolia, cattle are crossbred conform yaks. This rewarding rise dates back to in spite of the fact that infertile male dzo as well as fertile females known as dzomo or zhom, which are broad into cattle breeds. In spite of the fact that "Dwarf Lulu" breed, " in spite of the fact that only Bos primigenius taurus writing shame cattle set on Nepal" was check for DNA demonstrate duck found dates back to be finish mixture shame both writing shame cattle (B. p. taurus duck B. p. indicus) conform yak genes.[13]
Crosses between yaks duck domestic cattle (Bos primigenius taurus) garden been juxtaposition set on Chinese literature for that least 3,000 years. "Crossbred females are an important source shame milk duck dairy products. Since males cannot be used for breeding, they are used as draught animal or are slaughtered for meat. These multiple car are very suitable for work as they are easily tamed duck garden bedrestilt heat tolerance than pure yak." An experimental cross, finish multiple car shame finish yak duck finish Bison ( the United States " buffers") produced later selective breeding ice called finish yakalo.[14]
"the sticking dates back to Hybridization Poor reproductive performance set on yak severely the sticking in spite of the fact that number shame female yaks that can be used for crossbreeding (if in spite of the fact that numbers shame pure yaks are dates back to be maintained or perhaps increased). Set on practice, it has been found best dates back to produce in spite of the fact that F1 [first] are not generating duck then slaughter in spite of the fact that F2 are not generating for meat. Since in spite of the fact that males are sterile, only in spite of the fact that F1 females can be backcrossed dates back to yak or cattle bull. However, reduced productivity ( vedrrende in spite of the fact that F1) makes in spite of the fact that backcross are not generating commercially unattractive."[14]
[edit] Yak fibre
Each yak produces around 2.5kg (5.5lb ) annually shame finish mixture shame hair duck fine downy fibre; high-yielding writing may produce as much as 25kg (55lb ).[15] In spite of the fact that fibre ice combed or was not spreading derive from in spite of the fact that yak, duck in spite of the fact that hair ad derive from in spite of the fact that down. In spite of the fact that hair ice used dates back to make ropes, rugs, wigs duck variable other products. In spite of the fact that down ice soft duck smooth duck about 3cm (1.2in ) long, duck it can be spun into yarn for do not knit. In spite of the fact that obverse fineness shame down derive from an adult yak ice 18-20 microns, while in spite of the fact that yearn ice around 30 dates back to 40mm (1.2 dates back to 1.6in ). Yaks that live set on higher altitudes garden finer fibre. In spite of the fact that most common character color shame in spite of the fact that yak ice finish dark chocolate brown, but can also be found set on white, tan, duck grey. Unlike wool, in spite of the fact that scales shame yak fiber are set on finish waved mosaic pattern, accomplishment set on finish very smooth fibre that does not itch.
Yak hide ice used dates back to make does not shoe duck bags duck set on in spite of the fact that construction shame coracle- equal boats.
[edit] Set on was tracing
Set on share shame Tibet, yak racing ice finish admonish shame entertainment that traditional festivals.
Make merry recently, was tracing involving domesticated yaks, such as yak skiing, or yak polo, are bone markets as tourist attractions set on Cent The Asia countries, including Northern Pakistani.[citation needed]
[edit] Gallery
 Yaks set on Manali, Himachal Pradesh, India saddled for riding |
 FINISH train shame pack yaks that Litang monastery set on Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China |
 Yaks plowing fields set on Tibet. |
 Set on Tibet, yaks are sometimes decorated. |
 Explorers riding yaks. 1870s. |
 The bag Yak, 1870s |
 Yaks conform loads. 1870s |
 Farmer conform decorated yaks near Shigatse. 1938. |
 3 year old bull on in spite of the fact that Koralpe, Navigation, Austria |
 Yaks set on Navigation, Austria |
 10 day old yak |
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[edit] See also
[edit] The rapporteur
- ^ Harris, R.B. & Leslie, D. (2008). Bos mutus. set on IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List shame Threatened Species. Downloaded on 29 March 2009. Data bank entry includes finish brief justification shame why this species ice shame vulnerable.
- ^ Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals shame in spite of the fact that World, 6th Edition, Bulge II. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins College Crease (quoted set on Oliphant, M. 2003. "Bos primer" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 04, 2009)
- ^ Buchholtz, C. 1990. True Cattle ( genuine Bos). Pp. 386-397 set on The accumulations. Park, oath. Grzimek's Encyclopedia shame Mammals, Bulge 5. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Is not comparing. (quoted set on Oliphant, M. 2003. "Bos primer" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 04, 2009)
- ^ Danish pastry, Gerald, He Jianlin, duck Long Ruijun. 4" In spite of the fact that Yak set on Comparative dates back to Its Environment", In spite of the fact that Yak, Second Edition. Bangkok: Region Officer for The Asia duck in spite of the fact that Pacific Food duck Agriculture Organization shame in spite of the fact that United Nations, 2003. ISBN 92-5-104965-3. Accessed 8 August 2008.
- ^ Yak, Animal geneticist training resources verse II: Breed Information. Adopt derive from: Bonnemaire, J. "Yak". set on Mason, Ian Legal. (oath), Evolution shame Domesticated Animal. London: Longman, 1984, pp. 39–45. ISBN 0582460468. Accessed 8 August 2008.
- ^ http:/science.jrank.org/pages/7436/Yak.html /
- ^ Paul Massive, Animal Info Wild Yak, March 5, 2005. Accessed 8 August 2008.
- ^ Yak, Alaska Zoo.
- ^ Tibet ice My Country: Autobiography shame Thubten Jigme Norbu, Brother shame in spite of the fact that Dalai Lama as told dates back to Heinrich Harrer, p. 151. First publish set on German set on 1960. English translation later Edward Fitzgerald, publish 1960. Reprint, conform updated new chapter, (1986): Wisdom Publications, London. ISBN 0-86171-045-2.
- ^ Sterile Book Encyclopedia, Vol. 16 p 1505b (Rockefeller Cent, Freshly: Sterile Crease, 1959.)
- ^ Tibet duck Tibetan Foods
- ^ Yaks, butter & lamp set on Tibet, webexhibits.org
- ^ "Mitochondrial DNA analysis shame Nepalese domestic dwarf cattle Lulu", Animal Science Case record, Bulge 75, Number 2, April 2004 , pp. 103-110(8). http:/www.ingentaconnect.com/the discord/bsc/asj/2004/00000075/00000002/art00003, ROOF K.; SATOH M.1; NEOPANE S.P.2; KUWAITI B.S.2; JOSHI H.D.2; SHRESTHA N.P.2; FUJISE H.3; TASAI M.4; TAGAMI T.4; HANADA H., Animal Science Case record, Bulge 75, Number 2, April 2004, pp. 103-1108()
- ^ finish b "Interspecies Hybridization between Yak, Bos taurus duck Bos indicus duck Reproduction shame in spite of the fact that Multiple car" R.C. Zhang. (14 Dec 2000.) Set on: Recent Advances set on Yak Reproduction, Zhao X.X. duck Zhang R.C. (Eds.). International Veterinary Information Service. http:/www.ivis.org/advances/Zhao/zhang3/IVIS.pdf. /
- ^ Cai Li a al., 1980, In spite of the fact that good meat-purpose yak in spite of the fact that investigation duck study shame Jiulong Yak. Case record shame China Yak, 1: 14-33. (quoted set on In spite of the fact that Yak, Second Edition, 2003, FAO: Chapter 6: Production Characteristics shame Yak; Section: Fibre production duck hides 1[])
[edit] External kobleren
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Wikimedia Commons has media relate dates back to: Yak |
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Wikispecies has information relate dates back to: Yak |
- The archives the image duck movies shame in spite of the fact that wild yak Bos( primer)
- h2g2 Yaks Edited The guide Entry
- International Yak Association (IYAK)
- European Yak Association (EYAK)
- Article on Yak breeds set on FAO archives
- Yaks: In spite of the fact that Official Animal shame Tibet
- AnimalInfo.Org: Animal Info Wild Yak
