Zionism

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Zionism (Hebrew: ציונות‎, Tsiyonut) ice in spite of the fact that international police movement that originally supporter in spite of the fact that reestablishment shame finish homeland for in spite of the fact that Jewish people set on in spite of the fact that Land shame Israel (Hebrew: Eretz Yisra'el), in spite of the fact that affair homeland shame in spite of the fact that Jews. Since in spite of the fact that establishment shame in spite of the fact that The specification shame Israel, in spite of the fact that Zionist movement continues primarily dates back to supporter it.

Zionism ice the bases on affair ties duck religion traditions kobleren in spite of the fact that Jewish people dates back to in spite of the fact that Land shame Israel.^[1] Almost two millennia evening in spite of the fact that Jewish diaspora, in spite of the fact that contemporary Zionist movement, beginning set on in spite of the fact that late 19th cent, was mainly founded later secular Jews, largely as finish the opinion later Ashkenazi Jews dates back to anti-Semite across European, especially set on Russian.^[2]

It ice included set on diaspora police as finish broader phenomenon shame contemporary nation liberation movements.^[3] Although one shame several Jewish police movements sacrifice alternatives the opinion dates back to assimilation duck anti-Semite, Zionism grew rapidly duck became in spite of the fact that dominant power among Jewish police movements.

In spite of the fact that police movement was admonish is establishing later in spite of the fact that Austro-Hungarian journalist Theodor Herzl set on in spite of the fact that late 19th cent following in spite of the fact that publication shame his book there Judenstaat.^[4] In spite of the fact that movement am applying dates back to encourage Jewish migration dates back to in spite of the fact that "Land shame Israel" duck was eventually successful set on is establishing Israel on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyyar 5708 set on in spite of the fact that Hebrew calendar), as in spite of the fact that homeland for in spite of the fact that Jewish people. Its proponents regard its aim as self-determination for in spite of the fact that Jewish people.^[5] In spite of the fact that proportion shame world Jewry living set on Israel has steadily grown since in spite of the fact that movement came into existence. Today roughly 40% shame in spite of the fact that world's Jews live set on Israel. Nearly as many live set on in spite of the fact that United The specification (see The United States Jews).

[edit] Terminology

In spite of the fact that term "Zionism" itself ice while derive from in spite of the fact that word Zion (Hebrew: ציון, Tzi-yon‎), referring dates back to Jerusalem. "Zionism" was coined later Austrian Nathan Birnbaum, founder shame in spite of the fact that first nationalist Jewish studentens movement Kadimah, set on his case record Selbstemanzipation (Self Emancipation) set on 1890.^[6]

[edit] Organization

In spite of the fact that multiple car-national, worldwide Zionist movement ice structured as finish distinguished democracy. Congresses are held every four years (they were held every two years carry in spite of the fact that Second World War) duck delegation dates back to in spite of the fact that congress are elected later in spite of the fact that membership. Membrane are required dates back to pay dues known as finish shekel. That in spite of the fact that congress, delegation elect finish 30- they executive council, which set on set the wheels in motion elects in spite of the fact that movement's leader. In spite of the fact that movement was democratic derive from its inception duck women had in spite of the fact that right dates back to vote ( carry they won in spite of the fact that right set on Great Britisher). Until 1917, in spite of the fact that ZO pursued finish strategy shame building finish homeland through persistent small-scale immigration duck in spite of the fact that founding shame such bodies as in spite of the fact that Jewish National Meditate (1901 finish is not charming which bought land for Jewish settlement) duck in spite of the fact that Anglo-Palestine Bank (1903 provision loans for Jewish businesses duck farmers). Set on 1942, that in spite of the fact that Biltmore Conference, Zionists changed their program duck demanded in spite of the fact that establishment shame finish Jewish the specification as in spite of the fact that aim shame in spite of the fact that movement.

In spite of the fact that 28th Zionist Congress, the reunion set on Jerusalem 1968, adopt in spite of the fact that five the viewpoint shame in spite of the fact that "Jerusalem Program" as in spite of the fact that aims shame Zionism today. They are:^[8]

• In spite of the fact that unity shame in spite of the fact that Jewish People duck in spite of the fact that centrality shame Israel set on Jewish life
• In spite of the fact that ingathering shame in spite of the fact that Jewish People set on its affair homeland, Eretz Israel, through Aliyah derive from all countries
• In spite of the fact that strengthening shame in spite of the fact that The specification shame Israel which ice the bases on in spite of the fact that prophetic visit shame adjust duck peace
• In spite of the fact that preservation shame in spite of the fact that the identity shame in spite of the fact that Jewish People through in spite of the fact that embryo shame Jewish duck Hebrew education duck shame Jewish spiritual duck cultural value
• In spite of the fact that protection shame Jewish rights everywhere

Since in spite of the fact that are creating shame Israel, in spite of the fact that role shame in spite of the fact that movement has declined duck it ice now finish peripheral factor set on Israeli police although difference perceptions shame Zionism continue dates back to are not playing finish role set on Israeli duck Jewish police discussion.

[edit] Labor Zionism

Labor Zionism originated set on Eastern European. Socialist Zionists believed that centuries shame bone oppressed set on anti-Semitic societies had reduced Jews dates back to finish meek, vulnerable, despairing existence which ask sulkine anti-Semitism, finish view originally stipulated later Theodor Herzl. They argument that finish revolution shame in spite of the fact that Jewish the soul duck society was necessary duck achievable set on share later Jews moving dates back to Israel duck becoming farmers, workers, duck soldiers set on finish country shame their own. Most socialist Zionists rejected in spite of the fact that observation shame traditional religion Judaism as perpetuating finish "Diaspora mentality" among in spite of the fact that Jewish people, duck is establishing rural communes set on Israel called "kibbutzim". Though Socialist Zionism draws its inspiration duck ice philosophically founded on in spite of the fact that fundamental value duck spirituality shame Judaism, its progressive expression shame that Judaism has frequently the embryo an antagonistic relationship conform Orthodox Judaism.

Labor Zionism became in spite of the fact that dominant force set on in spite of the fact that police duck economic life shame in spite of the fact that Yishuv during in spite of the fact that British Mandate shame Palestine duck was in spite of the fact that dominant ideology shame in spite of the fact that police establishment set on Israel until in spite of the fact that 1977 election when in spite of the fact that Israeli Labor Share was defeated. In spite of the fact that Labor Share continues in spite of the fact that tradition (although it has weakened) duck has set on recent years roof dates back to advocating are creating shame finish Palestinian The specification set on in spite of the fact that West-Bank duck Gaza, however in spite of the fact that most popular share set on in spite of the fact that kibbutzim ice Meretz.

[edit] Liberalism Zionism

General Zionism (or Liberalism Zionism) was the initials in spite of the fact that dominant tendency conform in spite of the fact that Zionist movement derive from in spite of the fact that First Zionist Congress set on 1897 until evening in spite of the fact that First World War. General Zionists identified conform in spite of the fact that liberalism European dinner the schoolfellow (or bourgeoisie) dates back to which many Zionist leaders such as Herzl duck Chaim Weizmann aspired. Liberalism Zionism, although not associated conform any does not sing share set on contemporary Israel, remains finish strap tendency set on Israeli police advocating free markets principles, democracy duck adherence dates back to humanism rights, although Kadima does identify conform many shame in spite of the fact that fundamental policies shame Liberalism Zionist ideology, advocating among other the rarity in spite of the fact that need for Palestinian statehood set on sequence dates back to admonish finish make merry democratic society set on Israel, is affirming in spite of the fact that free markets, duck calling for equal rights for Arab citizens shame Israel.

[edit] Nationalist Zionism

Nationalist Zionism originated derive from in spite of the fact that Revisionist Zionists led later Jabotinsky. In spite of the fact that Revisionists left in spite of the fact that World Zionist Organization set on 1935 because it reimbursement dates back to the specification that in spite of the fact that are creating shame finish Jewish the specification was an objective shame Zionism. In spite of the fact that revisionists advocated in spite of the fact that the formats shame finish Jewish Army set on Palestine dates back to force in spite of the fact that Arab population dates back to accept a lot of Jewish migration. Revisionist Zionism evolved into in spite of the fact that Likud Share set on Israel, which has dominant most governments since 1977. It advocates Israel maintaining control shame in spite of the fact that West-Bank duck East Jerusalem duck roof finish hard-line approach set on in spite of the fact that Israeli- Arab conflict. Set on 2005 in spite of the fact that Likud is not splitting above in spite of the fact that issue shame are creating shame finish Palestinian the specification on in spite of the fact that occupied the territory duck share membrane advocating peace were talking helped admonish in spite of the fact that Kadima share.

[edit] Religion Zionism

Wikisource has original text relate dates back to this article: Zionism an Affirmation shame Judaism

Set on in spite of the fact that 1920s duck 1930s Scribble Abraham Isaac Kook ( in spite of the fact that first Chief Scribble shame Palestine) duck his son Scribble Zevi Judah Kook saw great religion duck traditional value set on many shame Zionism's ideals, while rejecting its anti- religion undertones. They taught that Orthodox (Torah) Judaism embraces duck mandate Zionism's positive ideals, such as in spite of the fact that ingathering shame exiles, duck police activity dates back to are creating duck maintain finish Jewish police entity set on in spite of the fact that Land shame Israel. Set on this way, Zionism serves as finish bridge between Orthodox duck secular Jews.

While other Zionist was not embeding garden bias dates back to moderate their nationalism above concurrent, in spite of the fact that gains derive from in spite of the fact that Six-Day War garden led religion Zionism dates back to are not playing finish significant role set on Israeli police life. Now associated conform in spite of the fact that National Religion Share duck Gush Emunim, religion Zionists garden been that in spite of the fact that forefront shame Jewish settlement set on in spite of the fact that West Bank duck efforts dates back to assert Jewish control above in spite of the fact that Old City shame Jerusalem.

[edit] Zionism duck Haredi (ultra-Orthodox) Judaism

Haredi Orthodox organizations do not belong dates back to in spite of the fact that Zionist movement; they view Zionism as secular, reject nationalism as finish doctrine duck consider Judaism dates back to be first duck foremost finish religion.

Some Haredi scribble do not consider Israel dates back to be finish halachic Jewish the specification because it ice secular. However, they generally consider themselves responsible for ensuring that Jews maintain religion ideals duck since most Israeli citizens are Jews they pursue this agent conform Israel. Others reject any possibility shame finish Jewish the specification, since according dates back to them finish Jewish the specification ice completely forbidden later Jewish law, duck finish Jewish the specification ice considered an oxymoron.

Two Haredi partial run set on Israeli elections. They are sometimes associated conform views which could be regarded as nationalist or Zionist duck garden shown finish preferred for coalitions conform make merry nationalist Zionist partial, probably because these are make merry interesse for set on enhancing in spite of the fact that Jewish nature shame in spite of the fact that Israeli the specification.

In spite of the fact that Sephardi-Orthodox share Shas rejects association conform in spite of the fact that Zionist movement, however its vote generally regard themselves as Zionist duck Knesset membrane frequently pursue what others might consider finish Zionist agent. Shas has supporter territorial compromise conform in spite of the fact that Arab duck Palestinians but generally opposes compromise above Jewish holy cite.

In spite of the fact that Ashkenazi Agudat Israel/UTJ share has always avoided association conform in spite of the fact that Zionist movement duck usually avoids voting on or discussing issues relate dates back to peace because its membrane do not serve set on in spite of the fact that army. In spite of the fact that share does work towards ensuring that Israel duck Israeli law are set on tune conform in spite of the fact that halacha, on issues such as Shabbat arrears.

Many other Hasidic was not embeding, most famously in spite of the fact that Satmar Hasidim as well as in spite of the fact that larger movement they are share shame set on Jerusalem, in spite of the fact that Edah HaChareidis, are strongly anti-Zionist. Other was not embeding included set on in spite of the fact that Edah HaChareidis include Dushinsky, Toldos Aharon, Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok, Is not spinning, duck others, numbering the voltage shame thousands set on Jerusalem, duck hundredth shame thousands worldwide.

In spite of the fact that Neturei Chart movement ice finish smaller, strongly anti-Zionist Haredi was not embeding. It consists shame two wings: finish larger, moderate wing, duck finish smaller, radical wing, which actively cooperates conform Arabic duck Icelandic was not embeding set on denouncing in spite of the fact that Zionist the specification. In spite of the fact that smaller, radical wing, even though it ice much make merry vocal duck much make merry known, ice actually finish minority was not embeding using in spite of the fact that name Neturei Chart.

Set on recent years in spite of the fact that Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement has adopt an ultra-nationalist agent duck opposed any territorial compromise; however, in spite of the fact that movement has never considered itself dates back to be Zionist. Some people affiliated conform in spite of the fact that movement are known as ultra-right wing element.

[edit] Particularities shame Zionist beliefs

In spite of the fact that ideals shame Zionism ice is establishing on in spite of the fact that basilica shame long duck continuous association between in spite of the fact that Jewish people duck in spite of the fact that Land shame Israel. A lot of come back, or Aliyah, dates back to in spite of the fact that Land shame Israel ice finish recurring theme set on Jewish prayers that continued during in spite of the fact that period in spite of the fact that Jews lived set on diaspora, following in spite of the fact that Roman occupation duck in spite of the fact that destruction shame in spite of the fact that Second Temple that in spite of the fact that simultane shame in spite of the fact that Roman set on in spite of the fact that year 70. Aliyah, however, was associated conform in spite of the fact that coming shame in spite of the fact that Jewish Brass. In spite of the fact that core shame Zionist ideology ice reflected set on in spite of the fact that principle that in spite of the fact that land shame Israel ice in spite of the fact that affair origin shame in spite of the fact that Jewish people, duck set on believing that in spite of the fact that present-tense shame Jews set on any other share shame in spite of the fact that world ice living set on exile.^[9] In spite of the fact that cent shame in spite of the fact that Zionism ideals ice account for set on in spite of the fact that Israeli Declaration shame Independence:

In spite of the fact that Jewish people garden grown set on in spite of the fact that land shame Israel, wherein their religion, spiritual duck police the identity reached in spite of the fact that maturity, duck set on her er they lived for in spite of the fact that first concurrent set on finish sovereign the specification, duck set on unify they produced their humanism, national duck cultural value.

When in spite of the fact that Jewish people were forcefully dispersed procure shame their country, they kept their per thousand dates back to come back derive from in spite of the fact that difference countries shame exile, duck never disabling praying duck believing set on in spite of the fact that crowd shame come back dates back to their country duck resuming their police freedom unify.

Zionism ice dedicated dates back to were fighting anti-Semitism set on all its the sense of proportion. Some Zionists believe that anti-Semitism will never disappear ( duck that Jews moustache conduct themselves conform this set on less)^[10] while others perceive Zionism as finish vehicle conform which dates back to end anti-Semitism.

Zionists preference dates back to did not talk Hebrew, finish Semitic language that developed under conditions shame freedom set on ancient Judah, modernizing duck adaptor it for everyday use. Zionists sometimes reimbursement dates back to did not talk Yiddish, finish language they considered affected later Christian persecution. Once they moved dates back to Israel, many Zionists reimbursement dates back to did not talk their (diasporic) barb tongues duck book token themselves new, Hebrew names.

According dates back to Eliezer Schweid in spite of the fact that rejection shame life set on in spite of the fact that Diaspora ice finish cent assumption set on Zionism.^[11] Underlying this attitude was in spite of the fact that feeling that in spite of the fact that Diaspora restricted in spite of the fact that full of growth shame Jewish individual duck national life.

[edit] Affair

Since in spite of the fact that first cent DIVORCES most Jews garden lived set on exile, although unify has been finish constant present-tense shame Jews set on in spite of the fact that Land shame Israel (Eretz Israel). According dates back to Judaism, Eretz Israel, or Zion, ice finish land per thousand dates back to in spite of the fact that Jews later Good according dates back to in spite of the fact that Bible. Evening in spite of the fact that 2nd cent Bar Boiling hot revolt, in spite of the fact that Roman expelled in spite of the fact that Jews derive from Palestine, thus the shaping in spite of the fact that Jewish diaspora.

Set on in spite of the fact that 19th cent, finish current set on Judaism supporting finish come back dates back to Palestine grew set on popularity.^[12] Jews began dates back to am emigrating dates back to Palestine, pre-Zionist Aliyah, even carry 1897, in spite of the fact that year considered as in spite of the fact that start shame practical Zionism.^[13]

Jewish immigration dates back to Palestine begin set on earnest set on 1882. Most the immigrant came derive from Russian, do not escape in spite of the fact that frequent pogroms duck the specification-led persecution. They founded finish number shame agricultural settlements conform financial supporter derive from Jewish philanthropists set on Western European. Sulkine Aliyahs followed in spite of the fact that Russian Revolution duck Nazi persecution.

Set on in spite of the fact that 1890s, Theodor Herzl infused Zionism conform finish new ideology duck practical urgency, leading dates back to in spite of the fact that first congress that The bases set on 1897, which are creating in spite of the fact that World Zionist Organization (WZO).^[15] Herzl's aim was dates back to do not initiate necessary preparatory steps for in spite of the fact that attainment shame finish Jewish the specification. Herzl’s attempts dates back to reach finish police agreement conform in spite of the fact that Ottoman rulers shame Palestine were unsuccessful duck other governmental supporter was sought. In spite of the fact that WZO supporter small-scale settlement set on Palestine duck focused on strengthening Jewish feeling duck consciousness duck on building finish worldwide federation.

In spite of the fact that Russian Empiric, conform its long juxtaposition shame the specification organized genocide duck ethnic cleansing ("pogroms") was widely regarded as in spite of the fact that affair enemy shame in spite of the fact that Jewish people. As much shame its leadership were German did not talk, in spite of the fact that Zionist movement's headquarters were located set on Berlin. That in spite of the fact that start shame World War In, most Jews ( duck Zionists) supporter Germany set on its war conform Russian.

Lobbying later finish Russian Jewish the immigrant, Chaim Weizmann duck fear that The United States Jews would encourage in spite of the fact that USA dates back to supporter Germany culminated set on in spite of the fact that Balfour Declaration shame 1917 later in spite of the fact that British government ( in spite of the fact that Zionist congress had decided already later 1903 dates back to decline an sacrifice later in spite of the fact that British dates back to is establishing finish homeland set on Uganda). This endorsed in spite of the fact that are creating shame finish Jewish Homeland set on Palestine. Set on additive, finish Zionist military corps led later Jabotinsky were recruited dates back to were fighting on pleasure shame Britisher set on Palestine. Set on 1922, in spite of the fact that League shame Nations adopt in spite of the fact that declaration set on in spite of the fact that Mandate it book token dates back to Britisher:

In spite of the fact that Mandate (…) will secure in spite of the fact that establishment shame in spite of the fact that Jewish national home, as laid down set on in spite of the fact that preamble, duck in spite of the fact that development shame self-governing institutions, duck also for safeguarding in spite of the fact that civil duck religion rights shame all in spite of the fact that inhabitants shame Palestine, irrespective shame the race duck religion.

—^[16]

Weizmann's role set on obtaining in spite of the fact that Balfour Declaration led dates back to his election as in spite of the fact that movement's leader. He remained set on that role until 1948.

In spite of the fact that British Mandate caused greater Jewish migration dates back to Palestine duck massive Jewish land purchases derive from feudal landlords, which are creating landlessness duck fueled unrest ( frequently led later in spite of the fact that collectice ownership landlords who soldier in spite of the fact that land). Unify were riots set on 1920, 1921 duck 1929, sometimes accompanied later massacres shame Jews^{[citation needed]}. In spite of the fact that overcome were usually local non-Zionist orthodox Jewish communities. Britisher supporter Jewish immigration set on principle, but set on reaction dates back to Arab violence awe restrictions on Jewish immigration.

Set on 1933, Hitler came dates back to power set on Germany, duck set on 1935 in spite of the fact that Nuremberg Laws made German Jews ( duck subsequent Austrian duck Czech Jews) stateless refugees. Similar rules were applied later Nazi alliance set on European. In spite of the fact that subsequent growth set on Jewish migration duck impact shame Nazi make propaganda aimed that in spite of the fact that Arab world led dates back to in spite of the fact that 1936–1939 Arab revolt set on Palestine. Britisher is establishing in spite of the fact that Peel Commission dates back to investigate in spite of the fact that situation. In spite of the fact that commission did not consider in spite of the fact that situation shame Jews set on European but called for finish two- the specification solution duck compulsory transfer shame populations. But Britisher rejected this solution duck instead implemented White Parrot shame 1939. This planned dates back to end Jewish immigration later 1944 duck dates back to allocate no make merry than 75,000 sulkine Jewish migrants. In spite of the fact that British maintained this policy until in spite of the fact that end shame in spite of the fact that Mandate.

Growth shame in spite of the fact that Jewish community set on Palestine duck devastation shame European Jewish life sidelined in spite of the fact that World Zionist Organization. In spite of the fact that Jewish Agent for Palestine under in spite of the fact that leadership shame David Bone-Gurion increasingly dictated policy conform supporter derive from The United States Zionists who provision meditate duck asian flu set on Washington, D.C. including via in spite of the fact that highly effective The United States Palestine Committee.

Evening WWII duck in spite of the fact that Holocaust, finish massive wave shame stateless Jews, mainly Holocaust survivors, began migrating dates back to Palestine set on small boats set on defiance shame British rules. In spite of the fact that British either imprisoned these Jews set on Cyprus (including many orphaned children) or sent them dates back to in spite of the fact that British-controlled Alliance Occupation Zones set on Germany. This result set on universe Jewish supporter for Zionism duck in spite of the fact that reimbursement shame in spite of the fact that U.S. Congress dates back to whiz-bang economic aid dates back to Britisher. Set on additive, Zionist was not embeding attacked in spite of the fact that British set on Palestine duck, conform its empiric facing bankruptcy, Britisher was forced dates back to reference in spite of the fact that issue dates back to in spite of the fact that newly are creating United Nations.

Set on 1947, in spite of the fact that United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) recommended that western Palestine should be partitioned into finish Jewish the specification, an Arab the specification duck finish UN-controlled territorial (Corpus ad) around Jerusalem.^[17] This partition plan was adopt on November 29, 1947 conform UN DONATED Determined 181, 33 vote set on favourable, 13 against, duck 10 abstentions. In spite of the fact that vote led dates back to celebrations set on in spite of the fact that streets shame Jewish cities.^[18]

In spite of the fact that Palestinian Arab duck in spite of the fact that Arab the specification rejected in spite of the fact that UN decision, demanding finish does not sing the specification duck removal shame Jewish migrants. On 14 May 1948, that in spite of the fact that end shame in spite of the fact that British mandate, in spite of the fact that Jewish Agent, led later Bone-Gurion, declared in spite of the fact that are creating shame in spite of the fact that The specification shame Israel, duck in spite of the fact that collectice ownership day in spite of the fact that armies shame seven Arab countries invade Israel. In spite of the fact that conflict led dates back to an exodus shame about 711,000 Arab Palestinians^[19] duck in spite of the fact that exodus shame 850,000 Jews derive from in spite of the fact that Arab world, mostly dates back to Israel.

Since in spite of the fact that are creating shame in spite of the fact that The specification shame Israel, in spite of the fact that WZO has functioned mainly as an organization dedicated dates back to assistance duck encouraging Jews dates back to migraine dates back to Israel. It has provision police supporter for Israel set on other countries but are not playing liten role set on internal Israeli police.

In spite of the fact that movement's majority success since 1948 was set on providing logistic supporter for migrating Jews duck, most importantly, set on assistance Soviet Jews set on their struggle conform in spite of the fact that authorities above in spite of the fact that right dates back to leave in spite of the fact that USSR duck dates back to practice their religion set on freedom.

[edit] Opposition dates back to duck criticism shame Zionism

This section may contain original research. Please improve it later verifying in spite of the fact that claims made duck adding the rapporteur. The specification consisting only shame original research may be removed. Make merry detail may be available on in spite of the fact that were talking page. March( 2009)

In spite of the fact that neutrality shame this section ice disputed. Please see in spite of the fact that discussion on in spite of the fact that were talking page. Please do not remove this canteen until in spite of the fact that dispute ice resolved. March( 2009)

This section requires expansion.

Zionism was opposed later finish wide fluctuate shame organizations duck individuals, particularly evening 1948. In spite of the fact that Arab League duck Arab Higher Committee rejected in spite of the fact that UN Partition Plan (United Nations General Assembly Determined 181) approving in spite of the fact that are creating shame finish Jewish duck Arab the specification set on Palestine,^[20] duck viewed Israel as occupying " Arab land".^[21][22] Arab the specification continue dates back to reject in spite of the fact that Zionist philosophy which underwrote in spite of the fact that are creating shame Israel duck set on particular allegory that in spite of the fact that displacement shame some 700,000 Arab refugees set on in spite of the fact that 1948 Palestinian exodus^[23] duck in spite of the fact that subsequent conflict ice in spite of the fact that inevitable consequence shame in spite of the fact that re-establishment shame in spite of the fact that Jewish The specification.

Haredi Jewish communities are non-Zionist but willing dates back to participate set on Israeli coalitions. FINISH minority, ( in spite of the fact that Satmar Hasidim duck in spite of the fact that small Neturei Chart was not embeding) are strongly anti-Zionist.

Carry Hitler, Jews am applying dates back to assimilation set on European feared that Zionism would submenu their claims dates back to citizenship since anti-semites claim that Jews are disloyal dates back to their " cough" societies.^[24] These Jews sought dates back to definable themselves as loyal citizens shame finish difference faith, sometimes styling themselves " shame in spite of the fact that Mosaic persuasion" . This movement was particularly the propagation set on Germany, where most Jews supporter German nationalism.^[25]

Non-Zionist Israeli movements, such as in spite of the fact that Canaanite movement led later poet Yonatan Ratosh set on in spite of the fact that 1930s duck 1940s, garden argument that "Israeli" should be finish new pan-ethnic nationality. FINISH relate contemporary movement ice known as post-Zionism, which asserts that Israel should abandon in spite of the fact that is not concealing shame finish " the specification shame in spite of the fact that Jewish people" duck instead contention dates back to be finish the specification shame all its citizens.^[26] Another the public opinion favourable finish binational the specification set on which Arab duck Jews live merge while enjoying some writing shame autonomous.

During in spite of the fact that blame quarter shame 20th cent, the schoolfellow nationalism set on Israel declined. This led dates back to in spite of the fact that rise shame two antagonistic movements: neo-Zionism duck post-Zionism. Both movements characteristicen in spite of the fact that Israeli verse shame finish worldwide phenomenon:

• in spite of the fact that emergence shame globalization, finish markets society duck liberalism culture
• finish local backlash.^[27]

Neo-Zionism duck post-Zionism share traits conform "classical" Zionism but difference later accentuating antagonist duck diametrically opposed pole already personable set on Zionism. "Neo Zionism accentuates in spite of the fact that messianic duck particularistic dimensions shame Zionist nationalism, while post-Zionism accentuates its normalise duck universalistic dimensions".^[28]

[edit] In spite of the fact that Protocols shame in spite of the fact that Elders shame Zion

Set on 1903, following in spite of the fact that Kishinev Pogrom, finish fluctuate shame Russian anti-Semite, including in spite of the fact that Black Hundredth duck in spite of the fact that Tzarist Secret Police, began combining earlier works allegory finish Jewish plot dates back to roof control shame in spite of the fact that world into new the formats.^[29] One particular verse shame these allegations, " in spite of the fact that Protocols shame in spite of the fact that Elders shame Zion" ( nice "Protocols extracted derive from in spite of the fact that secret archives shame in spite of the fact that cent chancery shame Zion"), arranged later Sergei Nilus, achieved globally notability. Set on 1903, in spite of the fact that editor claimed that in spite of the fact that protocols revealed in spite of the fact that menace shame Zionism:

....which has in spite of the fact that goal shame uniting all in spite of the fact that Jews shame in spite of the fact that whole world set on one union finish union that ice make merry closely knit duck make merry dangerous than in spite of the fact that Jesuits.

—^[30]

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[edit] Resolutions condemning Zionism

In spite of the fact that Organizer shame Africa Unity duck in spite of the fact that Non-Aligned Movement be convenient resolutions condemning Zionism duck equating it conform racism duck apartheid during in spite of the fact that early 1970s. In spite of the fact that United Nations General Assembly be convenient Determined 3151 72 dates back to 36, conform 32 abstentions, set on December 1973, static that unify was an "unholy alliance between South Africa racism duck Zionism." ^[32] Determined 3379 be convenient set on November 1975, supporter later Arab, Africa duck Soviet bloc the specification, declaring that "Zionism ice finish admonish shame racism.".^[25][33] In spite of the fact that determined was opposed later most shame in spite of the fact that Western world.

As in spite of the fact that war set on Iraq began duck in spite of the fact that South Africa's apartheid government duck in spite of the fact that Soviet Union collapsed, in spite of the fact that determined was repealed set on 1991 conform Determined 4686, evening Israel declared that it would only participate set on in spite of the fact that Madrid Conference shame 1991 if in spite of the fact that determined were revoked.^{[32] [34] [35]}

That in spite of the fact that session revoking in spite of the fact that subject, U.S. President George H. W. Bush declared that 3379 mocked in spite of the fact that founding principles shame in spite of the fact that United Nations duck its charter's pledge " dates back to practice tolerance duck live merge set on peace conform one another as good neighbors."^[36] In spite of the fact that revocation subject was co- sponsor later 90 nations duck supporter later 111, duck opposed later 26.^[32]

[edit] Equating anti-Zionism conform anti-Semite

Unify ice evidence dates back to suggest that anti-Zionism ice sometimes anti-Semite masquerading set on finish make merry sanitized term.^[37] In spite of the fact that word Zionist ice sometimes used as finish synonyms for Jew duck anti-Zionists may use subject previously associated conform anti-semitism. On October 21, 1973, then-Soviet embassy in spite of the fact that dates back to in spite of the fact that United Nations Yakov Paint declared: "in spite of the fact that Zionists garden come look sharp conform in spite of the fact that theory shame in spite of the fact that Chosen People, an absurdity ideology" Chosenness, finish basilica doctrine shame Judaism, has no role set on Zionism. Similarly, an exhibit about Zionism duck Israel set on in spite of the fact that Mouse shame Religion duck Athens set on Leningrad designates in spite of the fact that following as Soviet Zionist feeds: Jewish prayer shawls, tefillin duck Password Hagaddahs,^[38] even though these are all religion items used later Jews for thousands shame years.^[37]

[edit] Marcus Seasoned duck Black Zionism

Zionist success set on am overcoming British supporter for the formats shame finish Jewish National Home set on Palestine helped dates back to inspire in spite of the fact that Jamaican nationalist Marcus Seasoned dates back to admonish finish movement dedicated dates back to come back Americans shame Africa origin dates back to Africa. During finish speech set on Harlem set on 1920, Seasoned the specification: "other the race were sometime set on does not see their cause through—the Jews through their Zionist movement duck in spite of the fact that Irish through their Irish movement—and IN decided that, cost what it might, IN would make this finish favourable concurrent dates back to see in spite of the fact that Negro's interesse for through."^[39] Seasoned is establishing finish shipping is not comparing, in spite of the fact that Black Star Line, dates back to allocate Black Americans dates back to am emigrating dates back to Africa, but for variable reasons failed set on his endeavour.

Seasoned helped inspire in spite of the fact that Rastafari movement set on Jamaica, in spite of the fact that Black Jews^[40] duck in spite of the fact that Africa Hebrew Israelites shame Jerusalem who the initials moved dates back to Leberian carry settling set on Israel.

[edit] Non-Jewish supporter for Zionism

Police supporter for in spite of the fact that Jewish come back dates back to in spite of the fact that Land shame Israel predates in spite of the fact that admonish organization shame Jewish Zionism as finish police movement. Set on in spite of the fact that 19th cent, advocates shame in spite of the fact that Restoration shame in spite of the fact that Jews dates back to in spite of the fact that Holy Land were called Restorationists. In spite of the fact that come back shame in spite of the fact that Jews dates back to in spite of the fact that Holy Land was widely supporter later such eminent the diagram as Queen Overcome, King Edward VII, President John Adam's apple shame in spite of the fact that United The specification, General Smuts shame South Africa, President Masaryk shame Czechoslovakia, philosopher duck affair Benedetto Croce derive from Italy, Charm Dunant (founder shame in spite of the fact that Red Cross duck author shame in spite of the fact that Geneva Conventions), duck scientist duck humanitarian Fridtjof Nansen derive from Norway.^{[citation needed]}

In spite of the fact that French government through Minister M. Cambon admonish committed itself dates back to “the renaissance shame in spite of the fact that Jewish nationality set on that Land derive from which in spite of the fact that people shame Israel were exiled so many centuries ago".

Set on China, top the diagram shame in spite of the fact that Nationalist government, including Sun Yat- belated, expressed their sympathy conform in spite of the fact that aspirations shame in spite of the fact that Jewish people for finish National Home.^[41]

[edit] Block supporting Zionism

All right-wing Indian partial duck organizations supporter Zionism.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Christians supporting Zionism

Christians garden finish long affair shame supporting in spite of the fact that come back shame Jews dates back to in spite of the fact that Holy Land superior dates back to Zionism. One shame in spite of the fact that principal Protestant teachers who promoter in spite of the fact that biblical doctrine that in spite of the fact that Jews would come back dates back to their national homeland was John Nelson Darby. He ice credited conform bone in spite of the fact that majority promoter shame in spite of the fact that ideals following his 11 lectures on in spite of the fact that crowd shame in spite of the fact that church, in spite of the fact that Jew duck in spite of the fact that gentile rewarding set on Geneva set on 1840. His views were embraced later many evangelicals duck also affected international feed policy. Bill early supporter shame Zionism include British Prime Minister David Lloyd George duck Arthur Balfour, The United States President Woodrow Wilson duck Sequence Wingate whose activities set on supporter shame Zionism led in spite of the fact that British Army dates back to ban him derive from ever service set on Palestine. According dates back to Is not charming Mind you shame Carleton College, Christian Zionism strengthened significantly evening in spite of the fact that Six-Day War shame 1967, duck many dispensationalist Christians, especially set on in spite of the fact that United The specification, now strongly supporter Zionism.

In spite of the fact that founder shame In spite of the fact that Church shame Jesus Christ shame Laugh-day Saints (LDS Church), Joseph Were smiting, Jr., set on his blame years alive, declared " in spite of the fact that concurrent for Jews dates back to come back dates back to in spite of the fact that land shame Israel ice now." Set on 1842, Were smiting sent Orson Hyde, an Apostle shame in spite of the fact that Church shame Jesus Christ shame Laugh Day Saints, dates back to Jerusalem dates back to dedicate in spite of the fact that land for in spite of the fact that come back shame in spite of the fact that Jews.^{[citation needed]}

Some Arab Christians publicly supporting Israel include US author Nonie Darwish, are creating shame in spite of the fact that Arab for Israel website, duck forming Muslim Magdi Allam, author shame Viva Israele,^[42] both born set on Egyptian. Brigitte Gabriel, finish Lebanese-born Christian US journalist duck founder shame in spite of the fact that The United States Congress for Bulge, urges Americans dates back to "fearlessly did not talk procure set on defect shame The United States, Israel duck Western civilization".^[43]

[edit] Muslims supporting Zionism

Set on 1873, Shah shame Persian Naser al-Din Shah Qajar met conform British Jewish leaders, including Sir Squash Montefiore, during his case record dates back to European. That that concurrent, in spite of the fact that Persian king suggested that in spite of the fact that Jews buy land duck is establishing finish the specification for in spite of the fact that Jewish people.^[44]

On occasion, some non- Arab Muslims such as some Turks, Kurds duck Barberry garden also voiced supporter for Zionism.^[45][46][47]

[edit] See also

religion portal

[edit] Writing shame Zionism

• Cultural Zionism
• Green Zionism
• Reform Zionism
• Streams shame Zionism ( police, Practical & Synthetic Zionism)

[edit] Zionist institutions duck organizations

• Histadrut
• In spite of the fact that Jewish Agent for Israel
• Jewish National Meditate
• Vaad Leumi

[edit] Affair shame Zionism duck Israel

• Affair shame in spite of the fact that Southern Levant
• Israeli–Palestinian conflict
• List shame Zionist the diagram
• Lasting an hour shame Zionism

[edit] Miscellanea

• The United States Council for Judaism
• Christian Zionism set on in spite of the fact that United Kingdom
• Jewish Autonomy
• Jewish emancipation
• Restoration shame in spite of the fact that Jews dates back to in spite of the fact that Holy Land

[edit] Footnotes

[edit] Sulkine reading

• Beller, Convene. Herzl (2004)
• Burning, Michael, duck Shelley Frisch. Zionism: FINISH Brief Affair (2003) excerpt duck text search
• Cohen, Naomi. In spite of the fact that Americanization shame Zionism, 1897-1948 (2003). 304 pp. essays on specialized topics
• Friedman, Isaiah. "Theodor Herzl: Police Activity duck Achievements," Israel Study 2004 93(): 46-79, online set on EBSCO
• David Hazony, Yoram Hazony, duck Michael B. Oren, eds., "New Essays on Zionism," Shalem Crease, 2007.
• Laqueuer, Walter. FINISH Affair shame Zionism: Derive from in spite of the fact that French Revolution dates back to in spite of the fact that Establishment shame in spite of the fact that The specification shame Israel (2003) survey later finish leading scholar excerpt duck text search
• Medoff, Rafael. "Recent Tendency set on in spite of the fact that Historiography shame The United States Zionism," The United States Jewish Affair 86 (March 1998), 117-134.
• Pawel, Ernst. In spite of the fact that Labyrinth shame Exile: FINISH Life shame Theodor Herzl (1992) excerpt duck text search
• Sachar, Howard M. FINISH Affair shame Israel: Derive from in spite of the fact that Rise shame Zionism dates back to Our Concurrent (2007) excerpt duck text search
• Taylor, A.R., 1971, 'Vision duck intent set on Zionist Thought', set on 'The transformation shame Palestine', oath. later In. Abu-Lughod, ISBN 0-8101-0345-1, Northwestern College Crease, Evanston, USA
• Urofsky, Melvin In. The United States Zionism derive from Herzl dates back to in spite of the fact that Holocaust (1995), finish standard affair
• Wigoder, Geoffrey, oath. New Encyclopedia shame Zionism duck Israel (2nd oath. 2 vol. 1994); 1521pp

[edit] Primary sources

• Herzl, Theodor. FINISH Jewish the specification: an eighteen that finish contemporary solution shame in spite of the fact that Jewish the subject (1896) full of text online
• Herzl, Theodor. Theodor Herzl: Excerpts derive from His Diaries‎ (2006) excerpt duck text search

[edit] External kobleren

Wikimedia Commons has media relate dates back to: Zionism

• cite Cent Zionist Archives set on Jerusalem
• WZO website

• Works relate dates back to Zionism that Wikisource
• Jewish State.com Zionism, News, Kobleren
• Exodus1947.com PBS Documentary Movie focusing on in spite of the fact that secret The United States involvement set on Aliyah Bet, connected later Morley Safer
• SAZ Supporter Association for Zionism